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The problem of boundary behaviour at the origin of coordinates is discussed for D-dimensional Schrodinger equation in the framework of hyper spherical formalism, which have been often considered last time. We show that the Dirichlet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-02 Anzor Khelashvili , Teimuraz Nadareishvili

We examine two singular Lagrangian systems with constraints which apparently reduce the phase space to a 2-dimensional sphere and a 2-dimensional hyperboloid. Rigorous constraint analysis by Dirac's method, however, gives 2-dimensional open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Chingangbam , Pankaj Sharan

The Dirac quantization `procedure' for constrained systems is well known to have many subtleties and ambiguities. Within this ill-defined framework, we explore the generality of a particular interpretation of the Dirac procedure known as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Domenico Giulini , Donald Marolf

This work addresses certain ambiguities in the Dirac approach to constrained systems. Specifically, we investigate the space of so-called ``rigging maps'' associated with Refined Algebraic Quantization, a particular realization of the Dirac…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Domenico Giulini , Donald Marolf

The Dirac method is used to analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of a particle constrained on a circle. The method of Lagrange multipliers is scrutinized, in particular in relation to the quantization procedure. Ordering problems are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonello Scardicchio

A canonical formalism and constraint analysis for discrete systems subject to a variational action principle are devised. The formalism is equivalent to the covariant formulation, encompasses global and local discrete time evolution moves…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-17 Bianca Dittrich , Philipp A Hoehn

We consider the defocusing energy-critical nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in the exterior of a smooth compact strictly convex obstacle in three dimensions. For the initial-value problem with Dirichlet boundary condition we prove global…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-08-27 Rowan Killip , Monica Visan , Xiaoyi Zhang

In the harmonic description of general relativity, the principle part of Einstein equations reduces to a constrained system of 10 curved space wave equations for the components of the space-time metric. We use the pseudo-differential theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-21 H. -O. Kreiss , J. Winicour

Consideration of the model of the relativistic particle with curvature and torsion in the three-dimensional space-time shows that the squaring of the primary constraints entails a wrong result. The complete set of the Hamiltonian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 V. V. Nesterenko

These are pedagogical notes on the Hamiltonian formulation of constrained dynamical systems. All the examples are finite dimensional, field theories are not covered, and the notes could be used by students for a preliminary study before the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-24 Brian P. Dolan

We formulate a canonical quantization of Equilibrium Thermodynamics by applying Dirac's theory of constrained systems. Thermodynamic variables are treated as conjugate pairs of coordinates and momenta, allowing extensive and intensive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Luis F. Santos , Victor Hugo M. Ramos , Danilo Cius , Mario C. Baldiotti , Bárbara Amaral

New measures for the quantization of systems with constraints are discussed and applied to several examples, in particular, examples of alternative but equivalent formulations of given first-class constraints, as well as a comparison of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John R. Klauder

The present article is primarily a review of the projection-operator approach to quantize systems with constraints. We study the quantization of systems with general first- and second-class constraints from the point of view of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 John R. Klauder

The Schr\"odinger equation is shown to be equivalent to a constrained Liouville equation under the assumption that phase space is extended to Grassmann algebra valued variables. For onedimensional systems, the underlying Hamiltonian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 H. -T. Elze

We provide a simultaneous derivation of the Dirac bracket and of the equations of motion for second-class constrained systems when the constraints are time-dependent. The necessity of time-dependent gauge-fixing conditions is shown in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-20 Nuno Barros e Sá

In the canonical approach to general relativity it is customary to parametrize the phase space by initial data on spacelike hypersurfaces. However, if one seeks a theory dealing with observations that can be made by a single localized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hossein Farajollahi , Hugh Luckock

The Dirac constraint formalism is applied to linearized gravity to determine the structure of constraints and construct the canonical Hamiltonian. The diffeomorphism invariance of the Lagrangian is retrieved by a nontrivial generalization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ramin N. Ghalati

A central aim of physics is to describe the dynamics of physical systems. Schrodinger's equation does this for isolated quantum systems. Describing the time evolution of a quantum system that interacts with its environment, in its most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-16 Kavan Modi

The long-standing problem of time in canonical quantum gravity is the source of several conceptual and technical issues. Here, recent mathematical results are used to provide a consistent algebraic formulation of dynamical symplectic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Martin Bojowald , Artur Tsobanjan

A general quantum constraint of the form $C= - \partial_T^2 \otimes B - I\otimes H$ (realized in particular in Loop Quantum Cosmology models) is studied. Group Averaging is applied to define the Hilbert space of solutions and the relational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-14 Wojciech Kaminski , Jerzy Lewandowski , Tomasz Pawlowski