Related papers: Cosmos Naturally Evolved to One Time Dimension and…

This paper has been withdrawn by Chien-Yu, Chen due to the authors fields error.

This paper has been withdrawn by the author because it needs to be rewritten completely.

Our observations of the Universe are fundamentally anisotropic, with data from galaxies separated transverse to the line of sight coming from the same epoch while that from galaxies separated parallel to the line of sight coming from…

This submission has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators because it is incomplete and thus violates arXiv policy.

This article reviews the prevailing paradigm for how galaxies and larger structures formed in the universe: gravitational instability. Basic observational facts are summarized to motivate the standard cosmological framework underlying most…

This article has been removed by arXiv administrators due to falsified authorship.

We study a fundamental issue in cosmology: Whether we can rely on a cosmological model to understand the real history of the Universe. This fundamental, still unresolved issue is often called the ``model-fitting problem (or averaging…

The redshift of galaxies is in general explained by the expansion of space. The flat space time theory of gravitation suggests an additional interpretation. In this theory gravitation is explained analogously to Maxwell's theory on a flat…

This paper has been withdrawn, because the result turned out to be well known.

This version withdrawn by arXiv administrators because the author did not have the right to agree to our license at the time of submission

The possibility of physics in multiple time dimensions is investigated. Drawing on recent work by Walter Craig and myself, I show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, there is a well-posed initial value problem--deterministic, stable…

How do galaxies form and evolve? This is one of the most puzzling questions in astronomy. Galaxy assembly takes place throughout the entire history of the Universe, but our understanding of it is hampered by the unfortunate fact that we can…

Intuitively, the totality of physical reality -- the Cosmos -- has a beginning only if (i) all parts of the Cosmos agree on the direction of time (the Direction Condition) and (ii) there is a boundary to the past of all non-initial…

We reconsider the issue of proving large scale spatial homogeneity of the universe, given isotropic observations about us and the possibility of source evolution both in numbers and luminosities. Two theorems make precise the freedom…

Concentrations of matter, such as galaxies and galactic clusters, originated as very small density fluctuations in the early universe. The existence of galaxy clusters and super-clusters suggests that a natural scale for the matter…

This paper has been removed by arXiv administrators because of overlap with gr-qc/0303034 and others. This paper also has excessive overlap with the following papers also written by the authors or their collaborators: gr-qc/0509047,…

For generations, people have complained that things used to be better in the past. In this paper, we investigate this change by specifically looking at creativity in astronomy. To do this,we explore if older constellations reflected a…

This paper was withdrawn by the author.

We analyze Hubble's approach to cosmology. In 1929 he accepted a finite expanding universe in order to explain the redshifts of distant galaxies. Later on he turned to an infinite stationary universe due to observational constraints. We…

Current evidence suggests that the cosmological constant is not zero, or that we live in an open universe. We examine the implications for the future under these assumptions, and find that they are striking. If the Universe is cosmological…