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In this paper a new theory of Dark Matter is proposed. Experimental analysis of several Galaxies show how the non-gravitational contribution to galactic Velocity Rotation Curves can be interpreted as that due to the Cosmological Constant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. V. Kraniotis , S. B. Whitehouse

By studying the present cosmological data, particularly on CMB, SNeIA and LSS, we find that the future fate of the universe, for simple linear models of the dark energy equation-of-state, can vary between the extremes of (I) a divergence of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul H. Frampton

This paper deals with the cancellation mechanism, which identifies the energy density of space-time expansion in an empty universe with the zero-point energy density and avoids the scale discrepancy with the observed energy density…

General Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Christian Henke

A cosmological constant, Lambda, is the most natural candidate to explain the origin of the dark energy (DE) component in the Universe. However, due to experimental evidence that the equation of state (EOS) of the DE could be evolving with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Joan Sola , Hrvoje Stefancic

We have investigated a cosmological model of a phantom energy with a variable cosmological constant ($\Lambda$) depending on the energy density ($\rho$) as $\Lambda\propto \rho^{-\alpha}$, $\alpha=\rm const.$ and a variable gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-12-25 Arbab I. Arbab

I briefly review the cosmological constant problem and the issue of dark energy (or quintessence). Within the framework of quantum field theory, the vacuum expectation value of the energy momentum tensor formally diverges as $k^4$. A cutoff…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Varun Sahni

Dark energy constraints have forced viable alternatives that differ substantially from a cosmological constant Lambda to have an equation of state w that evolves across the phantom divide set by Lambda. Naively, crossing this divide makes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Wayne Hu

Standard cosmology has long been plagued by a number of persistent problems. The origin of the apparent acceleration of the cosmic expansion remains enigmatic. The cosmological constant has been reintroduced as a free parameter with a value…

General Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Jan O. Stenflo

We investigate Dark Energy by associating it with vacuum energy or Cosmological constant ${\Lambda}$ which is taken to be dynamic in nature. Our approach is phenomenological and falls within the domain of variable-$\Lambda$ Cosmology.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-08 Arkajit Aich

Within the quantum mechanical treatment of the decay problem one finds that at late times $t$ the survival probability of an unstable state cannot have the form of an exponentially decreasing function of time $t$ but it has an inverse…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-29 Marek Szydlowski , Aleksander Stachowski , Krzysztof Urbanowski

The cosmological constant, i.e., the energy density stored in the true vacuum state of all existing fields in the Universe, is the simplest and the most natural possibility to describe the current cosmic acceleration. However, despite its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Carneiro , M. A. Dantas , C. Pigozzo , J. S. Alcaniz

We propose a revised formulation of General Relativity for cosmological settings, in which the Einstein constant varies with the energy density of the Universe. We demonstrate that this modification has only phenomenological impact of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-28 Giovanni Montani , Giulia Maniccia , Elisa Fazzari , Alessandro Melchiorri

The Cosmological Constant $\Lambda$, in different incarnations, has been with us for 100 years. Many surveys of dark energy are underway, indicating so far that the data are consistent with a dark energy equation of state of $w=-1$, i.e. a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-04 Ofer Lahav

Motivated by the cosmological constant and the coincidence problems, we consider a cosmological model where the dark sectors are interacting together through a phenomenological decay law $\dot{\rho}_{\Lambda}=Q\rho_{\Lambda}^n$ in a FRW…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Vincent Poitras

I briefly review our current understanding of dark matter and dark energy. The first part of this paper focusses on issues pertaining to dark matter including observational evidence for its existence, current constraints and the `abundance…

Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-19 Varun Sahni

Possible analogies between vacuum state and quantum fluid provide a model to study vacuum energy density induced by thermal corrections, space-time curvature, boundary conditions and quantum back-reaction. We find that vacuum energy density…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-06-19 J. A. Sanchez-Monroy , C. J. Quimbay

Dark energy (and its simplest model, the Cosmological Constant or $\Lambda$) acts as a repulsive force that opposes gravitational attraction. Assuming galaxies maintain a steady state over extended periods, the estimated upper limit on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-17 David Benisty , David Vasak , Jürgen Struckmeier , Horst Stöcker

The phenomenon of the dark energy transition between the quintessence regime ($w > -1$) and the phantom regime ($w < -1$), also known as the cosmological constant boundary crossing, is analyzed in terms of the dark energy equation of state.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hrvoje Stefancic

A variety of observations indicate that the universe is dominated by dark energy with negative pressure, one possibility for which is a cosmological constant. If the dark energy is a cosmological constant, a fundamental question is: Why has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Maqbool Ahmed , Scott Dodelson , Patrick B. Greene , Rafael Sorkin

We have shown that the phenomenological models with a cosmological constant of the type $\Lambda=\beta(\frac{\ddot R}{R})$ and $\Lambda=3\alpha H^2$, where $R$ is the scale factor of the universe and $H$ is the Hubble constant, are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arbab I. Arbab