English

Phantom Energy with Variable G and Lambda

High Energy Physics - Theory 2008-12-25 v1

Abstract

We have investigated a cosmological model of a phantom energy with a variable cosmological constant (Λ\Lambda) depending on the energy density (ρ\rho) as Λρα\Lambda\propto \rho^{-\alpha}, α=const.\alpha=\rm const. and a variable gravitational constant (GG). The model requires α<0\alpha<0 and a negative gravitational constant. A negative gravitational constant may forbid \emph{black holes} to form a particle horizon in a background of phantom energy. This implies that black holes are naked, and consequently the \emph{Cosmic Censorship} theorem is violated. The cosmological constant evolves with time as, Λt2\Lambda\propto t^{-2}. For ω>1\omega>-1 and α<1\alpha<-1 the cosmological constant, Λ<0\Lambda<0, G>0G>0 and ρ\rho decrease with cosmic expansion. For ordinary matter (or dark matter), i.e., ω>1\omega>-1 we have 1<α<0-1<\alpha<0 and β>0\beta>0 so that G>0G>0 increases with time and ρ\rho decreases with time. Cosmic acceleration with dust particles is granted provided 2/3<α<0-{2/3}<\alpha <0 and Λ>0\Lambda>0.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0711.1465,
  title  = {Phantom Energy with Variable G and Lambda},
  author = {Arbab I. Arbab},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0711.1465},
  year   = {2008}
}

Comments

7 pages, revtex4

R2 v1 2026-06-21T09:41:49.931Z