Related papers: Sewing string tree vertices using canonical forms

Perturbative estimates suggest that extended topological defects such as cosmic strings emit few particles, but numerical simulations of the fields from which they are constructed suggest the opposite. In this paper we study the decay of…

In the present paper we consider quantum theories obtained by quantization of classical theories with first-class constraints assuming that these constraints form a Lie algebra. We show that in this case, one can construct physical…

The semi-classical cross-sections for arbitrary partial waves of ordinary scalars to fall into certain five-dimensional black holes have a form that seems capable of explanation in terms of the effective string model. The kinematics of…

We analyze the shapes of cosmic string loops found in large-scale simulations of an expanding-universe string network. The simulation does not include gravitational back reaction, but we model that process by smoothing the loop using…

We complete the set of string vertices of non-negative dimension by introducing in a consistent manner those moduli spaces which had previously been excluded. As a consequence we obtain a `geometrised' string action taking the simple form…

This article considers some affine algebraic varieties attached to finite trees and closely related to cluster algebras. Their definition involves a canonical coloring of vertices of trees into three colors. These varieties are proved to be…

In this paper we interpret cohomological class using the notion of tower of torsors, we apply our construction to string theory.

We introduce and study a notion of decomposition of planar point sets (or rather of their chirotopes) as trees decorated by smaller chirotopes. This decomposition is based on the concept of mutually avoiding sets (which we rephrase as…

In Part I of this series we described three algorithms that construct canonical tree-decompositions of graphs which distinguish all their k-blocks and tangles of order k. We now establish bounds on the number of parts in these…

We replace the familiar Stokes vector by a tensor. This allows us to introduce, for example, polar-coordinate components of the Stokes vector. From the tensor we can derive the skyrmion field for mapping the polarization in structured light…

A set A is a Sidon set in an additive group G if every element of G can be written at most one way as sum of two elements of A. A particular case of two-dimensional Sidon sets are the sonar sequences, which are two-dimensional…

The notion of the spin is shown to have two constituents, as exemplified by the spin of the electron. The first one is related to the form of the wave equation and determines the fermion or boson particle type. This implies the spin taking…

We give a canonical form of matrices of a cycle of linear or semilinear mapping V_1 --- V_2 --- ... --- V_t --- V_1 in which all V_i are complex vector spaces, each line is an arrow ---> or <---, and each arrow denotes a linear or…

A combinatorial Gray code for a set of combinatorial objects is a sequence of all combinatorial objects in the set so that each object is derived from the preceding object by changing a small part. In this paper we design a Gray code for…

The relation between shapes of cosmic string and baryon number violation is investigated. If there exist fermionic zero modes on the string, using bosonization technique, it is possible to obtain the effective action which describes the…

Triaxial weaving is a handicraft technique that has long been used to create curved structures using initially straight and flat ribbons. Weavers typically introduce discrete topological defects to produce nonzero Gaussian curvature, albeit…

The canonical description is presented for the string with pointlike masses at the ends in 1+1 dimensions in two different gauges: in the proper time gauge and in the light cone one. The classical canonical transformation is written out…

We calculate couplings of arbitrary order from correlation functions among twisted strings, using conformal field theory. Twisted strings arise in heterotic string compactified on orbifolds yielding matter fields in the low energy limit. We…

We give a construction of off-shell tree bosonic string amplitudes, based on the operatorial formalism of the $N$-string Vertex, with three external massless states both for open and closed strings by requiring their being projective…

In computational ghost imaging the object is illuminated with a sequence of known patterns, and the scattered light is collected using a detector that has no spatial resolution. Using those patterns and the total intensity measurement from…