Related papers: Sewing string tree vertices using canonical forms
We describe the versal deformation of two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities in terms of equations, following Arndt, Brohme and Hamm. For the reduced components the equations are determined by certain systems of dots in a triangle.…
We enumerate the state diagrams of the twist knot shadow which consist of the disjoint union of two trivial knots. The result coincides with the maximal number of regions into which the plane is divided by a given number of circles. We then…
We show that bosonization in two dimensions can be derived as a special case of the duality transformations that have recently been used to good effect in string theory. This allows the construction of the bosonic counterpart of any…
The bosonic representation of the half string ghost in the full string basis is examined in full. The proof that the comma 3- vertex (matter and ghost) in the bosonic representation satisfy the Ward-like identities is established thus…
In real-time lattice simulations of cosmic strings in the Abelian Higgs model, the broken translational invariance introduces lattice artefacts; relativistic strings therefore decelerate and radiate. We introduce two different methods to…
We calculate production cross sections of a single rotating string from a collision of two light states in bosonic string theory. We find that the cross sections are written in terms of the modified Bessel function of the first kind with…
We consider the process of uncovering the vertices of a random labeled tree according to their labels. First, a labeled tree with $n$ vertices is generated uniformly at random. Thereafter, the vertices are uncovered one by one, in order of…
Using a formalism developed to include collective coordinates, we calculate the contributions to S-matrix elements due to off-shell D-branes in a string coupling expansion. The formalism is further used to establish a two-dimensional…
Assembling parts into an object is a combinatorial problem that arises in a variety of contexts in the real world and involves numerous applications in science and engineering. Previous related work tackles limited cases with identical unit…
Humans recognize object structure from both their appearance and motion; often, motion helps to resolve ambiguities in object structure that arise when we observe object appearance only. There are particular scenarios, however, where…
In this manuscript we consider the transformations of the oscillators of the bosonic fields of the superstring in terms of the fermions oscillators and vice versa. We demand the exchange of the commutation and anti-commutation relations of…
We derive the different forms of BRST symmetry by using the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism in a rigid rotor. The so called "dual-BRST" symmetry is obtained from usual BRST symmetry by making a canonical transformation in the ghost…
We construct cosmological models with two scalar fields, which has the structure as in the ghost condensation model or k-essence model. The models can describe the stable phantom crossing, which should be contrasted with one scalar tensor…
There are various reasons why adding stubs to the vertices of open string field theory (OSFT) is interesting: Not only the stubs can tame certain singularities and make the theory more well-behaved, but also the new theory shares a lot of…
We consider the features of multiparticle tree cross sections in scalar theories in the framework of a semiclassical approach. These cross sections at large multiplicities have exponential form, and the properties of the exponent in…
Important questions concern the existence of excitonic strings in organic compounds and their signatures in the photophysics of these systems. A model in terms of Hard Core Bosons is proposed to study this problem in one dimension. Mainly…
We bosonize fermions by identifying their occupation numbers as the binary digits of a Bose occupation number. Unlike other schemes, our method allows infinitely many fermionic oscillators to be constructed from just one bosonic oscillator.
A method of constructing a canonical gauge invariant quantum formulation for a non-gauge classical theory depending on a set of parameters is advanced and then applied to the theory of closed bosonic string interacting with massive…
Manipulation of three-dimensional (3D) topological objects is of both fundamental interest and practical importance in many branches of physics. Here, we show by spin dynamics simulations that the bifurcation of a 3D skyrmion string in a…
The collision of plane waves corresponding to massless states of closed string is considered in $D$-dimensional space-time. The reduced tree level effective action is known to be manifestly $O(d,d)$ invariant, $d$ being the number of…