Related papers: Sewing string tree vertices using canonical forms

In this paper we study the matter form of the conformal and super-conformal ghosts action. That is, the ghost fields will be expressed in terms of some scalar and spinor fields. Thus, we obtain a two-dimensional covariant action in the…

It is known that much of the structure of string theory can be derived from three-dimensional topological field theory and gravity. We show here that, at least for simple topologies, the string diffeomorphism ghosts can also be explained in…

First, we diagonalize the bc-ghost 3-string Neumann matrices using the technique described in hep-th/0304158. Their eigenvalues are in complete agreement with the previous authors. Second, we diagonalize the N-string gluing vertices for the…

Given a graph, we can form a spanning forest by first sorting the edges in some order, and then only keep edges incident to a vertex which is not incident to any previous edge. The resulting forest is dependent on the ordering of the edges,…

We calculate, using the group theoretic approach to string theory, the tree and one loop scattering of four open and closed arbitrary bosonic string states. In the limit of high energy, but fixed angle, the multi-string vertex at tree and…

We study cosmic strings in the complex symmetron model, a scalar-tensor theory with a spontaneously broken local $U(1)$ symmetry in low matter density regions. Using numerical simulations, we show that these strings preferentially attach to…

Trees are partial orders in which every element has a linearly ordered set of predecessors. Here we initiate the exploration of the structural theory of trees with the study of different notions of \emph{branching in trees} and of…

We present a detailed investigation of scattering processes in $W_3$ string theory. We discover further physical states with continuous momentum, which involve excitations of the ghosts as well as the matter, and use them to gain a better…

If a string is cyclically shifted it will re-appear after a certain number of shifts, which will be called its order. We solve the problem of how many strings exist with a given order. This problem arises in the context of quantum mechanics…

The dynamics of closed cosmic strings in Peres background, using finite-difference method, has been considered. It is shown that motion of the strings is very complicated and its perform complex oscillations and deformed to form loops and…

In this paper we obtain 32 canonical forms for 3D piecewise smooth vector fields presenting the so called cusp-fold singularity. All these canonical forms are topologically distinct and collect the main topological aspects of the…

We discuss the variational method used in lattice spectroscopy calculations. In particular we address the role of ghost contributions which appear in quenched or partially quenched simulations and have a non-standard euclidean time…

String theory gives S matrix elements om which is not possible to read any gauge information. Using factorization we go off shell in the simplest and most naive way and we read which are the vertices suggested by string. To compare with the…

The classical Fourier transform is, in essence, a way to take data and extract components (in the form of complex exponentials) which are invariant under cyclic shifts. We consider a case in which the components must instead be invariant…

We reexamine the oscillator level truncation method in the bosonic String Field Theory (SFT) by calculation the descent relation <V_3|V_1>=Z_3<V_2|. For the ghost sector we use the fermionic vertices in the standard oscillator basis. We…

The two quantizations of QFT,as well as the attempt of unifying it with general relativity,lead us to consider that the internal structure of an elementary fermion must be twofold and composed of three embedded internal (bi)structures which…

Given a tree of weighted vertices, it is sometimes possible to break the tree into two equally-weighted subtrees within an allowable error. We give a fast algorithm that finds an edge which breaks the tree into equal-weight components or…

We obtain the various forms of BRST symmetry by using the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism in a prototypical first class system. We have shown that the various forms of symmetry can be obtained through canonical transformation in the…

In the critical bosonic string theory, we explicitly evaluate the three point scattering amplitude at tree level, of a photon with two massive higher spins. The massive excitations belong to states of the form $A_{-r_1}^{s_1}…

The in-order traversal provides a natural correspondence between binary trees with a decreasing vertex labeling and endofunctions on a finite set. By suitably restricting the vertex labeling we arrive at a class of trees that we call…