Related papers: Why quarks cannot be fundamental particles
The state of cold bulk matter at around nuclear density depends on the fundamental strong interaction between quarks at low-energy scale, so-called non-perturbative quantum chromo-dynamics. Such kind of matter is conjectured to be condensed…
A preon-based composite model of the fundamental fermions is discussed, in which the fermions are bound states of smaller entities -- primitive charges (preons). The preon is regarded as a dislocation in a dual 3-dimensional manifold -- a…
The bispinor wave function finds its fundamental application in the study of electrons, neutrinos and protons as particles bound by their own potentials. Classical electromagnetism and the Dirac electron theory appear to be natural…
The author's opinion is that the negative energy solutions of the Dirac equation mean that a particle can be of negative kinetic energy (NKE) besides positive kinetic energy (PKE). We think that NKE particles are dark ones and NKE matter is…
It is believed that classical behavior emerges in a quantum system due to decoherence. It has also been proposed that gravity can be a source of this decoherence. We examine this in detail by studying a number of quantum systems, including…
The entire wavefunction of the antineutrino-proton-electron system, produced by the $\beta$ decay of a neutron is analyzed. It is proven that the antineutrino cannot be in coherent superpositions of different mass eigenstates, irrespective…
The calculation of the $\mu$ decay is performed in V-A theory taking into account that, in agreement with the observation of the oscillations, the neutrinos must be massive. Provided that the masses of the electron and muon neutrinos are…
This paper argues that the physics of condensed matter cannot be fully reduced to the supposedly fundamental quantum mechanical theory for all the atoms of which the system consists. In fact, there are many reasons to reject the idea that…
Active neutrinos in standard cosmology were ruled out as a dark matter candidate in the 1980's. The reason is twofold: they are too light to account for the observed energy density of dark matter in the Universe, and their relativistic…
We consider an extended linear $\sigma $ model in which the fermions are quarks and are coupled to gluons. Equivalently, this is QCD extended by coupling the quarks to a colour singlet chiral multiplet of ($ \sigma, \vec \pi $) fields. This…
Heavy stable charged particles can exist, hidden from us in bound atomlike states. Models with new stable charged leptons and quarks give rise to realistic composite dark matter scenarios. Significant or even dominant component of O-helium…
A Planck-scale model that includes quantum chromodynamics and goes beyond it, is tested against observations. The model is based on a single fundamental principle. Starting with Dirac's proposal describing spin 1/2 particles as tethered…
According to the "Black Box" theorem the experimental confirmation of neutrinoless double beta decay ($0 \nu 2 \beta$) would imply that at least one of the neutrinos is a Majorana particle. However, a null $0 \nu 2 \beta$ signal cannot…
The Dirac theory implies the existence of an internal vector space, in addition to spin space. Using Dirac's coupling of variables in internal space to those in physical space, we construct a new configuration structure for particles in the…
A brief review, from basic atomic constants to "Mendeleev Table" of leptons, quarks, fundamental bosons, and then to superunification of all forces and particles.
A model is presented of the leptons, quarks and bosons as non-elementary particles being composed of spinons. They are defined as massless fermions obeying the Weyl equations, but in addition are charged and assumed to have two internal…
In this paper we suggest a configuration of photons consistent with a spin $\hbar$, and a configuration of the fermions coherent with a spin $\hbar/2$. These suggested configurations open the way to further analyses which lead to the…
We study the mixing of elementary and composite particles. In quantum field theory the mixing of composite particles originates in the couplings of the constituent quarks and for neutrinos in self-energy diagrams. In the event that the…
Physical systems in real life are inextricably linked to their surroundings and never completely separated from them. Truly closed systems do not exist. The phenomenon of decoherence, which is brought about by the interaction with the…
According to classical physics particles are basic building blocks of the world. Classical particles are distinguishable objects, individuated by physical characteristics. By contrast, in quantum mechanics the standard view is that…