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Relativistic simulations in 3+1 dimensions typically monitor the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints during evolution, with significant violations of these constraints indicating the presence of instabilities. In this paper we rewrite the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 Adrian P. Gentle

The Belinkskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz conjecture says that as one approaches space-like singularities in general relativity, 'time derivatives dominate over spatial derivatives' so that the dynamics at any spatial point is well captured…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-06-10 Abhay Ashtekar , Adam Henderson , David Sloan

We will analyze the constraint structure of the Einstein-Hilbert first-order action in two dimensions using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. We will be able to find a set of involutive, as well as a set of non-involutive constraints. Using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 M. C. Bertin , B. M. Pimentel , P. J. Pompeia

We derive an effective Hamiltonian for a quantum system constrained to a submanifold (the constraint manifold) of configuration space (the ambient space) by an infinite restoring force. We pay special attention to how this Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Kevin A. Mitchell

A recent analysis of real general relativity based on multisymplectic techniques has shown that boundary terms may occur in the constraint equations, unless some boundary conditions are imposed. This paper studies the corresponding form of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Giampiero Esposito , Cosimo Stornaiolo

We find a choice of variables for the 3+1 formulation of general relativity which casts the evolution equations into (flux-conservative) symmetric-hyperbolic first order form for arbitrary lapse and shift, for the first time. We redefine…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Simonetta Frittelli , Oscar Reula

General Relativity in the noncommutative spacetime of ${\cal M}^4 \times Z_2 \times Z_2$ is constructed based on a new type of fermions in addition to the known chiral quark-leptons. While this theory has a finite physical spectrum, all the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-14 Ai Viet Nguyen

In general relativity, the notion of mass and other conserved quantities at spatial infinity can be defined in a natural way via the Hamiltonian framework: Each conserved quantity is associated with an asymptotic symmetry and the value of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Robert M. Wald , Andreas Zoupas

Approaches to solutions of problems of the energy, time, Hamiltonian operator quantization of the General Relativity, the creation of the Universe from vacuum are considered in the frame of reference associated with the CMB radiation in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 B. M. Barbashov , V. N. Pervushin , A. F. Zakharov , V. A. Zinchuk

The strong proper time dilation and radial contraction in the gravitational field of compact sources leads to a frozen state of matter. It is shown that the falling particles and photons can not cross the gravitational radius due to the…

General Physics · Physics 2014-12-17 Zahid Zakir

A theory has been presented previously in which the geometrical structure of a real four-dimensional space time manifold is expressed by a real orthonormal tetrad, and the group of diffeomorphisms is replaced by a larger group. The group…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Dave Pandres, , Edward L. Green

A systematic Hamiltonian formulation of the Einstein-Cartan system, based on the Hilbert-Palatini action with the Barbero-Immirzi and cosmological constants, is performed using the traditional ADM decomposition and without fixing the time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-12 Erick I. Duque

We continue our examination of the constraints in spherically symmetric general relativity begun in I (gr-qc/9411009) and II (gr-qc/9411010). We extend to general configurations with $J\ne 0$ the analysis of II which treated a moment of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jemal Guven , Niall Ó Murchadha

We discuss the Hamiltonian formulation of gravity in 4-dimensional spacetime under Bondi-like coordinates ${v, r, x^a, a=2, 3}$. In Bondi-like coordinates, the 3-dimensional hypersurface is a null hypersurface and the evolution direction is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-19 Chao-Guang Huang , Shi-Bei Kong

We analyze a general family of position-dependent mass quantum Hamiltonians which are not self-adjoint and include, as particular cases, some Hamiltonians obtained in phenomenological approaches to condensed matter physics. We build a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-26 M. A. Rego-Monteiro , Ligia M. C. S. Rodrigues , E. M. F. Curado

For various theories, in particular gauge field theories, the algebraic form of the Hamiltonian simplifies considerably if one writes it in terms of certain complex variables. Also general relativity when written in the new canonical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Thomas Thiemann

If there exists a classical, i.e. deterministic theory underlying quantum mechanics, an explanation must be found of the fact that the Hamiltonian, which is defined to be the operator that generates evolution in time, is bounded from below.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gerard 't Hooft

Averaging in general relativity is a complicated operation, due to the general covariance of the theory and the non-linearity of Einstein's equations. The latter of these ensures that smoothing spacetime over cosmological scales does not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Chris Clarkson , Timothy Clifton , Alan Coley , Rockhee Sung

It is shown that the standard formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians is overly restrictive. A consistent physical theory of quantum mechanics can be built on a complex Hamiltonian that is not Hermitian but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Hugh F. Jones

We propose an operator constraint equation for the wavefunction of the Universe that admits genuine evolution. While the corresponding classical theory is equivalent to the canonical decomposition of General Relativity, the quantum theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-03 Sean Gryb , Karim Thebault