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We consider systems of "pinned balls," i.e., balls that have fixed positions and pseudo-velocities. Pseudo-velocities change according to the same rules as those for velocities of totally elastic collisions between moving balls. The times…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-07-25 Jayadev S. Athreya , Krzysztof Burdzy , Mauricio Duarte

The evolution of a pair of point vortices in whole space, subject to the inviscid Euler equations for incompressible fluid flow, is solved exactly for rotationally symmetric initial conditions. This exact solution shows that the vortex…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-07-08 Matthew Radley Brown

Finding, counting, or determining the existence of Nash equilibria, where players must play optimally given each others' actions, are known to be computational intractable problems. We ask whether weakening optimality to the requirement…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mete Şeref Ahunbay , Paul W. Goldberg , Edwin Lock , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Bary S. R. Pradelski , Bassel Tarbush

This paper is concerned with the dynamics and interactions of Q-balls in (1+1)-dimensions. The asymptotic force between well-separated Q-balls is calculated to show that Q-balls can be attractive or repulsive depending upon their relative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-02-09 Peter Bowcock , David Foster , Paul Sutcliffe

We prove that deciding if a diagram of the unknot can be untangled using at most $k$ Riedemeister moves (where $k$ is part of the input) is NP-hard. We also prove that several natural questions regarding links in the $3$-sphere are NP-hard,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Arnaud de Mesmay , Yo'av Rieck , Eric Sedgwick , Martin Tancer

Vector addition systems (VAS) constitute an important model of computation and concurrency that is equally expressive as the Petri net model. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted on vector addition systems with states (VASS),…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Weijun Chen , Yuxi Fu , Yangluo Zheng

Despite its long history, the classical game of peg solitaire continues to attract the attention of the scientific community. In this paper, we consider two problems with an algorithmic flavour which are related with this game, namely…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Luciano Gualà , Stefano Leucci , Emanuele Natale , Roberto Tauraso

In the pinwheel problem, one is given an $m$-tuple of positive integers $(a_1, \ldots, a_m)$ and asked whether the integers can be partitioned into $m$ color classes $C_1,\ldots,C_m$ such that every interval of length $a_i$ has non-empty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Robert Kleinberg , Ahan Mishra

Multi-robot motion planning is a hard problem. We investigate restricted variants of the problem where square robots are allowed to slide over an arbitrary curve to a new position only a constant number of times each. We show that the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Thijs van der Horst , Maarten Löffler , Tim Ophelders , Tom Peters

For any odd integer $n\geq3$ a board (of size $n$) is a square array of $n\times n$ positions with a simple rule of how to move between positions. The goal of the game we introduce is to find a path from the upper left corner of a board to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Ary Shaviv

Energy games are a well-studied class of 2-player turn-based games on a finite graph where transitions are labeled with integer vectors which represent changes in a multidimensional resource (the energy). One player tries to keep the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Parosh Aziz Abdulla , Mohamed Faouzi Atig , Piotr Hofman , Richard Mayr , K. Narayan Kumar , Patrick Totzke

We consider turn-based stochastic two-player games with a combination of a parity condition that must hold surely, that is in all possible outcomes, and of a parity condition that must hold almost-surely, that is with probability 1. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Laurent Doyen , Shibashis Guha

The solution of parity games over pushdown graphs (Walukiewicz '96) was the first step towards an effective theory of infinite-state games. It was shown that winning strategies for pushdown games can be implemented again as pushdown…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-09 Wladimir Fridman

We investigate the complexity of the reachability problem for (deep) neural networks: does it compute valid output given some valid input? It was recently claimed that the problem is NP-complete for general neural networks and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Marco Sälzer , Martin Lange

Concavity and its refinements underpin tractability in multiplayer games, where players independently choose actions to maximize their own payoffs which depend on other players' actions. In concave games, where players' strategy sets are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Vincent Leon , Iosif Sakos , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

We analyze the computational complexity of the popular computer games Threes!, 1024!, 2048 and many of their variants. For most known versions expanded to an m x n board, we show that it is NP-hard to decide whether a given starting…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Stefan Langerman , Yushi Uno

Many robots are not equipped with a manipulator and many objects are not suitable for prehensile manipulation (such as large boxes and cylinders). In these cases, pushing is a simple yet effective non-prehensile skill for robots to interact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zili Tang , Ying Zhang , Meng Guo

Blondin et al. showed at LICS 2015 that two-dimensional vector addition systems with states have reachability witnesses of length exponential in the number of states and polynomial in the norm of vectors. The resulting guess-and-verify…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Matthias Englert , Ranko Lazić , Patrick Totzke

One of the most basic, longstanding open problems in the theory of dynamical systems is whether reachability is decidable for one-dimensional piecewise affine maps with two intervals. In this paper we prove that for injective maps, it is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Faraz Ghahremani , Edon Kelmendi , Joël Ouaknine

Tetravex is a widely played one person computer game in which you are given $n^2$ unit tiles, each edge of which is labelled with a number. The objective is to place each tile within a $n$ by $n$ square such that all neighbouring edges are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Yasuhiko Takenaga , Toby Walsh