Related papers: How Hot Is Radiation?
We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due to the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free energy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to be…
The heat flow between a quantum system and its reservoir is analyzed when initially both are in a separable thermal state and asymptotically approach a correlated equilibrium. General findings are illustrated for specific systems and…
In non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) far from equilibrium, it is known that the Einstein relation is violated. Then, the ratio of the diffusion coefficient to the mobility is called an effective temperature, and the physical relevance of…
Due to disparate formation mechanisms, as for central hot-spot ignition and fast ignition, the initial temperatures of electron and ions usually differs from each other in the hot spot. Considering the percipient dependence of fusion…
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of techniques which transfer trapped particles to very low temperatures. Here we focus our attention on a heating mechanism which contributes to the finite temperature limit…
We study the properties of hot beta-stable nuclear matter using equations of state derived within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach at finite temperature including consistent three-body forces. Simple and accurate parametrizations of the…
In the study of thermalization in finite isolated quantum systems, an inescapable issue is the definition of temperature. We examine and compare different possible ways of assigning temperatures to energies or equivalently to eigenstates in…
The computation of radiative opacity or emissivity of hot dense matter is a challenging task. It requires accounting for an immense number of energy levels and lines across various excitation and ionization states. Whether in local…
Transition to thermal equilibrium in a uniformly heated two-dimensional harmonic triangular lattice with nearest neighbor interactions is investigated. Initial conditions, typical for molecular dynamics simulations, are considered.…
We are used to measure temperature with a thermometer and we know from everyday life that different types of thermometers measure the same temperature. This experience can be based on equilibrium thermodynamics, which explains the…
We study non--equilibrium ensemble corrections to particle masses and the effective potential in the early universe, using a uniform momentum distribution as an example. The resulting thermalization temperature is computed assuming \sm…
After inflation the Universe presumably undergoes a phase of reheating which in effect starts the thermal big bang cosmology. However, so far we have very little direct experimental or observational evidence of this important phase of the…
Hot electron temperatures and electron energy spectra in the course of interaction between intense laser pulse and overdense plasmas are reexamined from a viewpoint of the difference in laser wavelength. The hot electron temperature…
Thermodynamic principles are often deceptively simple and yet surprisingly powerful. We show how a simple rule, such as the net flow of energy in and out of a moving atom under nonequilibrium steady state condition, can expose the…
We study the onset of electron heating in intense laser-solid interactions and its impact on the spectral quality of radiation pressure accelerated ions in both hole boring and light sail regimes. Two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell…
A general theory is presented for the spatial correlations in the intensity of the radiation emitted by a random medium in thermal equilibrium. We find that a non-zero correlation persists over distances large compared to the transverse…
We discuss the bremsstrahlung of photons into a heat bath, and calculate from first principles the energy radiated. Even to lowest order the spectrum of the radiation at low frequency is no more singular than at zero temperature. In…
The non-extensive self-consistent theory describing the thermodynamics of hadronic systems at high temperatures is used to derive some thermodynamical quantities, as pressure, entropy, speed of sound and trace-anomaly. The calculations are…
Hot-atoms reactions mechanisms bring about reaction rates which are several orders of magnitude higher than those expected in the case of ad-atoms which have thermalized with the surface. This paper addresses the issue of a possible…
A nonequilibrium distribution function of microscopic thermal current is studied by a direct numerical simulation in a thermal conducting steady state of particle systems. Two characteristic temperatures of the thermal current are…