Related papers: How Hot Is Radiation?
Models for characterization of laser-accelerated electron via its produced bremsstrahlung are provided for both thin and thick targets. An effective temperature functional is proposed to overcome the so-called cold and hot "temperatures" in…
We present a novel mechanism for thermalizing a system of particles in equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations, based on specifically modeling energy transfer at the boundaries via a microscopic collision process. We apply our method to…
The measurement and interpretation of isotopic yield ratios in heavy ion reactions at intermediate and high energies are discussed and the usefulness of these observables for establishing equilibrium properties and for determining…
In this paper we develop a generalized formalism for equilibrium thermodynamic systems when an information is shared between the system and the reservoir. The information results in a correction to the entropy of the system. This extension…
We show how to extend the concept of heat capacity to nonequilibrium systems. The main idea is to consider the excess heat released by an already dissipative system when slowly changing the environment temperature. We take the framework of…
A general theory of photon-mediated energy and momentum transfer in N-body planar systems out of thermal equilibrium is introduced. It is based on the combination of the scattering theory and the fluctuational-electrodynamics approach in…
I explore the thermal evolution and ionization states in gas cooling from an initially hot state in the presence of external photoionizing radiation. I compute the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cooling efficiencies, heating rates, and ion…
This thesis is devoted to the theoretical study of slow thermodynamic processes in non-equilibrium stochastic systems. Its main result is a physically and mathematically consistent construction of relevant thermodynamic quantities in the…
The radiation from a relativistic electron uniformly rotating along an orbit in the equatorial plane of a dielectric ball was calculated taking into account the dielectric losses of energy and dispersion of electromagnetic oscillations…
A relativistic theory of fluctuation -electromagnetic interaction of a small polarizable particle moving with respect to the equilibrium background radiation is reviewed. It is assumed that the particle radius is smaller then characteristic…
A recent and unexpected discrepancy between \textit{ab initio} simulations and the interpretation of a laser shock experiment on aluminum, probed by X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS), is addressed. The ion-ion structure factor deduced from…
We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…
Some analogies between different nonequilibrium heat conduction models, particularly, random walk, discrete variable model, and Boltzmann transport equation with the single relaxation time approximation, have been discussed. We show that…
A method for integrating the chemical equations associated with nuclear combustion at high temperature is presented and extensively checked. Following the idea of E. M\"uller, the feedback between nuclear rates and temperature was taken…
We show that, in general, any complex weakly nonlinear highly multimode system can reach thermodynamic equilibrium that is characterized by a unique temperature and chemical potential. The conditions leading to either positive or negative…
We establish three partial differential equation models describing the thermodynamics of the fluid, by combining the energetic variational approach, appropriate constitutive relations, and classical thermodynamics laws. What is more, by…
Bearing in mind the application to high-magnetic-field (high-B) radio pulsars, we investigate two-dimensional (2D) thermal evolutions of neutron stars (NSs). We pay particular attention to the influence of different equilibrium…
Reheating is a process where the energy density of a dominant component of the universe other than radiation, such as a matter component, is transferred into radiation. It is usually assumed that the temperature of the universe decreases…
Heating of charged particles via collisionless shocks, while ubiquitous in the universe, is an intriguing yet puzzling plasma phenomenon. One outstanding question is how electrons and ions approach an equilibrium after they were heated to…
In the past, a number of heat engine models have been devised to apply the principles of thermodynamics to a laser. The best one known is the model using a negative temperature to describe population inversion. In this paper, we present a…