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We consider the problem of portfolio optimization in the presence of market impact, and derive optimal liquidation strategies. We discuss in detail the problem of finding the optimal portfolio under Expected Shortfall (ES) in the case of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-02-22 Fabio Caccioli , Susanne Still , Matteo Marsili , Imre Kondor

This paper describes an empirical study of shortfall optimization with Barra Extreme Risk. We compare minimum shortfall to minimum variance portfolios in the US, UK, and Japanese equity markets using Barra Style Factors (Value, Growth,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-07-02 Lisa R. Goldberg , Michael Y. Hayes , Ola Mahmoud

A risk measure that is consistent with the second-order stochastic dominance and additive for sums of independent random variables can be represented as a weighted entropic risk measure (WERM). The expected utility maximization problem with…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-07 Jianming Xia

We study the sensitivity to estimation error of portfolios optimized under various risk measures, including variance, absolute deviation, expected shortfall and maximal loss. We introduce a measure of portfolio sensitivity and test the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 Imre Kondor , Szilard Pafka , Gabor Nagy

The aim of this paper is to describe a new an integrated methodology for project control under uncertainty. This proposal is based on Earned Value Methodology and risk analysis and presents several refinements to previous methodologies.…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-06 Fernando Acebes , M Pereda , David Poza , Javier Pajares , Jose M Galan

The risk of financial positions is measured by the minimum amount of capital to raise and invest in eligible portfolios of traded assets in order to meet a prescribed acceptability constraint. We investigate nondegeneracy, finiteness and…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-03-05 Walter Farkas , Pablo Koch-Medina , Cosimo Munari

Cr\'epey, Frikha, and Louzi (2025) introduced a nested stochastic approximation algorithm and its multilevel acceleration to compute the value-at-risk and expected shortfall of a random financial loss. We hereby establish central limit…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-14 Stéphane Crépey , Noufel Frikha , Azar Louzi , Gilles Pagès

Under the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) capital charges for the trading book are based on the coherent expected shortfall (ES) risk measure, which show greater sensitivity to tail risk. In this paper it is argued that…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-11-16 Marie Kratz , Yen H. Lok , Alexander J McNeil

Value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) are common high quantile-based risk measures adopted in financial regulations and risk management. In this paper, we propose a tail risk measure based on the most probable maximum size of risk…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-17 Kan Chen , Tuoyuan Cheng

Beta is a widely used quantity in investment analysis. We review the common interpretations that are applied to beta in finance and show that the standard method of estimation - least squares regression - is inconsistent with these…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-09-22 Chris Tofallis

We provide a new characterization of second-order stochastic dominance, also known as increasing concave order. The result has an intuitive interpretation that adding a risk with negative expected value in adverse scenarios makes the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-30 Yuanying Guan , Muqiao Huang , Ruodu Wang

The hazard ratio, typically estimated using Cox's famous proportional hazards model, is the most common effect measure used to describe the association or effect of a covariate on a time-to-event outcome. In recent years the hazard ratio…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Jonathan W. Bartlett , Dominic Magirr , Tim P. Morris

The instability of historical risk factor correlations renders their use in estimating portfolio risk extremely questionable. In periods of market stress correlations of risk factors have a tendency to quickly go well beyond estimated…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2008-12-10 Vineer Bhansali , Mark B. Wise

We consider in this paper some structured financial products, known as reverse convertible notes, that resulted in substantial losses to certain buyers of these notes in recent years. We shall focus on specific reverse convertible notes…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-04-04 Gilna K. Samuel , Donald St. P. Richards

The paper concerns primal and dual representations as well as time consistency of set-valued dynamic risk measures. Set-valued risk measures appear naturally when markets with transaction costs are considered and capital requirements can be…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-05-22 Zachary Feinstein , Birgit Rudloff

For some estimations and predictions, we solve minimization problems with asymmetric loss functions. Usually, we estimate the coefficient of regression for these problems. In this paper, we do not make such the estimation, but rather give a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-03 Naoya Yamaguchi , Yuka Yamaguchi , Ryuei Nishii

We propose a multilevel stochastic approximation (MLSA) scheme for the computation of the value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) of a financial loss, which can only be computed via simulations conditionally on the realisation of…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-14 Stéphane Crépey , Noufel Frikha , Azar Louzi

We introduce a continuous-time framework for the prediction of outstanding liabilities, in which chain-ladder development factors arise as a histogram estimator of a cost-weighted hazard function running in reversed development time. We use…

Applications · Statistics 2020-02-07 Stephan M. Bischofberger , Munir Hiabu , Alex Isakson

We investigate the quantification of demographic risk in a framework consistent with the market-consistent valuation imposed by Solvency II. We provide compact formulas for evaluating inflows and outflows of a portfolio of insurance…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-07 Francesco Della Corte , Gian Paolo Clemente , Nino Savelli

We study a space of coherent risk measures M_phi obtained as certain expansions of coherent elementary basis measures. In this space, the concept of ``Risk Aversion Function'' phi naturally arises as the spectral representation of each risk…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Carlo Acerbi