Related papers: Hardness Ratio Estimation in Low Counting X-ray Ph…
The focusing performance of X-ray optics (conveniently expressed in terms of HEW, Half Energy Width) strongly depend on both mirrors deformations and photon scattering caused by the microroughness of reflecting surfaces. In particular, the…
Single molecule X-ray scattering experiments using free electron lasers hold the potential to resolve both single structures and structural ensembles of biomolecules. However, molecular electron density determination has so far not been…
The real part of the weak value is identified as the conditional Bayes probability through the quantum analog of the Bayes relation. We present an explicit protocol to get the the weak values in a simple Mach-Zehnder interferometer model…
Given i.i.d samples from some unknown continuous density on hyper-rectangle $[0, 1]^d$, we attempt to learn a piecewise constant function that approximates this underlying density non-parametrically. Our density estimate is defined on a…
X-ray micro tomography is a non-destructive, three-dimensional inspection technique applied across a vast range of fields and disciplines, ranging from research to industrial, encompassing engineering, biology and medical research.…
In this article we present an evaluation of the uncertainty in the average number of photoelectrons, which is important for the calibration of photodetectors. We show that the statistical uncertainty depends on light intensity, and on the…
Weak lensing statistics is typically measured as weighted sum of shear estimators or their products (shear-shear correlation). The weighting schemes are designed in the hope of minimizing the statistical error without introducing systematic…
In certain cases of astronomical data analysis, the meaningful physical quantity to extract is the ratio $R$ between two data sets. Examples include the lensing ratio, the interloper rate in spectroscopic redshift samples, the decay rate of…
The ratio of two probability densities can be used for solving various machine learning tasks such as covariate shift adaptation (importance sampling), outlier detection (likelihood-ratio test), and feature selection (mutual information).…
Most of the X-ray background (XRB) is generated by discrete X-ray sources. It is likely that still unresolved fraction of the XRB is composed from a population of the weak sources below the present detection thresholds and a truly diffuse…
We derive photon counting statistics for an output field of a single-photon wave packet interacting with a quantum system (e.g. a quantum harmonic oscillator or a two-level atom). We determine the exclusive probability densities for the…
This paper discusses the broad science case for obtaining milliarcsecond to microarcsecond astronomical imaging resolution in the soft to medium-energy X-ray band (~0.5 to ~8 keV). Astronomy across much of the electromagnetic spectrum has…
We present a local density estimator based on first order statistics. To estimate the density at a point, $x$, the original sample is divided into subsets and the average minimum sample distance to $x$ over all such subsets is used to…
This paper investigates the problem of estimating the spectral power parameters of random analog sources using numerical measurements acquired with minimum digitization complexity. Therefore, spectral analysis has to be performed with…
We report a pile-up rejection technique based on X-ray absorption concept of Beer-Lambert law for measuring true events in the pile-up region. We have detected a 10^4 times weaker peak in the pile-up region. This technique also enables one…
This paper surveys our current knowledge of the hard X-ray emission properties of old accreting neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries. Hard X-ray components extending up to energies of a few hundred keV have been clearly detected in…
X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy sources. Examples of interesting source classes are binary black hole systems, rotation and accretion powered neutron stars, Microquasars, Active Galactic…
Optical quantum computing, as well as quantum communication and sensing technology based on quantum correlations are in preparation. These require photodiodes for the detection of about 10^16 photons per second with close to perfect quantum…
Observations of present and future X-ray telescopes include a large number of serendipidious sources of unknown types. They are a rich source of knowledge about X-ray dominated astronomical objects, their distribution, and their evolution.…
A new line of research uses compression methods to measure the similarity between signals. Two signals are considered similar if one can be compressed significantly when the information of the other is known. The existing compression-based…