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Serial section electron microscopy (ssEM) is a widely used technique for obtaining volumetric information of biological tissues at nanometer scale. However, accurate 3D reconstructions of identified cellular structures and volumetric…
Absorption of infrared and visible radiation from stellar emission spectra by the negatively charged hydrogen ions H$^{-}$ is considered. The explicit formula for the photodetachment cross-section of the negatively charged hydrogen ion(s)…
The compositeness is defined as the weight of the hadronic molecule in the hadron wave function. We can determine the internal structure of the weak-binding system without any specific models from the compositeness. In order to estimate the…
In analogy to Glauber's analysis of optical coherence, we adopt an operational approach to introduce different classes of atomic coherence associated with different types of measurements. For the sake of concreteness we consider…
Although commonly employed by X-ray astronomers, maximum likelihood estimators are known to be biased. In this paper we investigate the bias associated to the measure of the temperature from an X-ray thermal spectrum. We show that, in the…
Density Ratio Estimation has attracted attention from the machine learning community due to its ability to compare the underlying distributions of two datasets. However, in some applications, we want to compare distributions of random…
Over the past 10 years Bayesian methods have rapidly grown more popular as several computationally intensive statistical algorithms have become feasible with increased computer power. In this paper, we begin with a general description of…
We study the heavy-light mesons within basis light-front quantization. The resulting mass spectra of $D$, $D_s$, $B$, and $B_s$ agree reasonably well with experiments. We also predict states which could be measured in the near future. In…
The evaluation of a photon-pair source employs characteristic metrics like the photon-pair generation rate, heralding efficiency, and second-order correlation function, all of which are determined by the photon number distribution of the…
In a standard method of determining electron density for soft X-ray (SXR) flare kernels it is necessary to assume what is the extension of a kernel along the line of sight. This is a source of significant uncertainty of the obtained…
Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is used to measure the projected partial phonon density of states of materials. A relationship is derived between the low-energy part of this frequency distribution function and the sound velocity…
Avalanche photodiodes are commonly used as detectors for low energy x-rays. In this work we report on a fitting technique used to account for different detector responses resulting from photo absorption in the various APD layers. The use of…
Electron and x-ray microscopes allow one to image the entire, unlabeled structure of hydrated materials at a resolution well beyond what visible light microscopes can achieve. However, both approaches involve ionizing radiation, so that…
A novel approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional imaging optics and cameras is described. A new type of high efficiency grating, called the critical angle transmission grating is used to disperse…
Recently, sparsity-based algorithms are proposed for super-resolution spectrum estimation. However, to achieve adequately high resolution in real-world signal analysis, the dictionary atoms have to be close to each other in frequency,…
X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a crucial experimental technique for elucidating the mechanisms of structural degradation in battery materials. However, extracting information from the measured spectrum is challenging without high-quality…
These tutorials introduce some basics of imaging with coherent X-rays, focusing on phase contrast. We consider the transport-of-intensity equation, as one particular method for X-ray phase contrast imaging among many, before passing on to…
We report a numerical calculation of the two-photon absorption coefficient of electrons in a binding potential using the real-time real-space higher-order difference method. By introducing random vector averaging for the intermediate state,…
In order to determine the chemical freeze-out parameters of the hadron-emitting source in relativistic heavy ion collisions some studies in literature perform fits by using as data input a subsample of ratios calculated out of…
The concept of biased data is well known and its practical applications range from social sciences and biology to economics and quality control. These observations arise when a sampling procedure chooses an observation with probability that…