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The heavy elements formed by neutron capture processes have an interesting history from which we can extract useful clues to and constraints upon both the characteristics of the processes themselves and the star formation and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 J. W. Truran , J. J. Cowan , C. A. Pilachowski , C. Sneden

Simulations of r-process nucleosynthesis require nuclear physics information for thousands of neutron-rich nuclear species from the line of stability to the neutron drip line. While arguably the most important pieces of nuclear data for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 R. Surman , M. Mumpower , G. C. McLaughlin , R. Sinclair , W. R. Hix , K. L. Jones

We study the r-process nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven winds of gravitational core collapse SNeII. Appropriate physical conditions are found for successful r-process nucleosynthesis, which meet with several features of heavy elements…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 T. Kajino , S. Wanajo , G. J. Mathews

We discuss various neutrino-nucleus interactions in connection with the supernova r-process nucleosynthesis, which possibly occurs in the neutrino-driven wind of a young neutron star. These interactions include absorptions of electron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Y. -Z. Qian

All the current r-process scenarios relevant to core-collapse supernovae are facing severe difficulties. In particular, recent core-collapse simulations with neutrino transport show no sign of a neutron-rich wind from the proto-neutron…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Shinya Wanajo , Hans-Thomas Janka

A brief overview of the r-process is given with an emphasis on the observational implications for this process. The conditions required for the major production of the heavy r-process elements (r-elements) with mass numbers A >130 are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-18 Yong-Zhong Qian

The r-process constitutes one of the major challenges in nuclear astrophysics. Its astrophysical site has not yet been identified but there is observational evidence suggesting that at least two possible sites should contribute to the solar…

Several nuclear physics issues essential to understanding the r-process are discussed. These include validity of the waiting-point approximation, strength of closed neutron shells in neutron-rich nuclei far from stability, and effects of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Y. -Z. Qian

The rapid-neutron capture process ($r$ process) is identified as the producer of about 50\% of elements heavier than iron. This process requires an astrophysical environment with an extremely high neutron flux over a short amount of time…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-06-26 A. C. Larsen , A. Spyrou , S. N. Liddick , M. Guttormsen

We revisit a neutrino-driven r-process mechanism in the He shell of a core-collapse supernova, finding that it could succeed in early stars of metallicity < solar/1000, at relatively low temperatures and neutron densities, producing A ~ 130…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-11 P. Banerjee , W. C. Haxton , Y. -Z. Qian

We study the efficiency and sensitivity of r-process nucleosynthesis to 18 light-element nuclear reaction rates. We adopt empirical power-law relations to parameterize the reaction sensitivities. We utilize two different hydrodynamic models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 T. Sasaqui , T. Kajino , G. J. Mathews , K. Otsuki , K. Nakamura

A long-standing scientific puzzle has been to explain the origin of the heaviest elements in the Universe and, more particularly, the production of the elements heavier than iron up to uranium. The rapid neutron capture process (or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-14 Ina K. B. Kullmann

We explore heavy-element nucleosynthesis by rapid neutron capture (r-process) in the decompressing ejecta from the surface of a neutron star. The decompression is triggered by a violent phase transition to strange quark matter (quark-nova…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-03-19 Prashanth Jaikumar , Bradley S. Meyer , Kaori Otsuki , Rachid Ouyed

This talk reviews three inputs important to neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis in a supernova: 1) "standard" properties of the supernova neutrino flux, 2) effects of phenomena like neutrino oscillations on that flux, and 3) nuclear structure…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 W. C. Haxton

The existence of neutron star mergers has been supported since the discovery of the binary pulsar and the observation of its orbital energy loss, consistent with General Relativity. They are considered nucleosynthesis sites of the rapid…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-09 F. -K. Thielemann , M. Eichler , I. V. Panov , B. Wehmeyer

Our understanding of the rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis process in universe depends on the reliability of nuclear mass predictions. Initiated by the newly developed mass table in the relativistic mean field theory (RMF), in this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-12 Sun Baohua , Meng Jie

During the merger of a black hole and a neutron star, baryonic mass can become unbound from the system. Because the ejected material is extremely neutron-rich, the r-process rapidly synthesizes heavy nuclides as the material expands and…

The rapid neutron-capture process ($r$-process) has for the first time been confirmed to take place in a neutron-star merger event. A detailed understanding of the rapid neutron-capture process is one of the holy grails in nuclear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-24 I. K. B. Kullmann , E. W. Hafli , A. C. Larsen , E. Lima

Abundance observations indicate the presence of often surprisingly large amounts of neutron capture (i.e., s- and r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the…

Intense fluxes of neutrinos are emitted by the hot neutron star produced in a supernova. The electron neutrino and antineutrino capture reactions on neutrons and protons, respectively, provide heating to drive a wind from the hot neutron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Yong-Zhong Qian