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We explore neutrino capture during r-process nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven ejecta from nascent neutron stars. We focus on the interplay between charged-current weak interactions and element synthesis, and we delineate the important…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Bradley S. Meyer , Gail C. McLaughlin , George M. Fuller

The r-process of nucleosynthesis requires a large neutron-to-seed nucleus ratio. This does not, however, that there be an excess of neutrons over protons. If the expansion of the material is sufficiently rapid and the entropy per nucleon is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bradley S. Meyer

The rapid neutron capture or 'r process' of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the natural abundance of heavy elements found on the periodic table above iron (with proton number $Z=26$)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-04-05 E. M. Holmbeck , T. M. Sprouse , M. R. Mumpower

Heavy elements are synthesized by the r-process in neutron star mergers and potentially in rare supernovae linked to strong magnetic fields. Expensive hydrodynamic simulations of these extreme environments are usually post-processed to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-03 Jan Kuske , Almudena Arcones , Moritz Reichert

Neutron--induced nucleosynthesis plays an important role in astrophysical scenarios like in primordial nucleosynthesis in the early universe, in the s--process occurring in Red Giants, and in the $\alpha$--rich freeze--out and r--process…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 H. Oberhummer , H. Herndl , T. Rauscher , H. Beer

Although the rapid neutron-capture process, or r-process, is fundamentally important for explaining the origin of approximately half of the stable nuclei with A > 60, the astrophysical site of this process has not been identified yet. Here…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Stephane Goriely , Andreas Bauswein , H. -Thomas Janka

We show that a minimum-mass neutron star undergoes delayed explosion after mass removal from its surface. We couple the Newtonian hydrodynamics to a nuclear reaction network of $\sim4500$ isotopes to study the nucleosynthesis and neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-10 Chun-Ming Yip , Ming-Chung Chu , Shing-Chi Leung , Lap-Ming Lin

The r-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) is studied, with a focus on the explosion scenario induced by rotation and strong magnetic fields. Nucleosynthesis calculations are conducted based on magneto-hydrodynamical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Nobuya Nishimura , Tomoya Takiwaki , Friedrich-Karl Thielemann

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden , J. E. Lawler , E. A. Den Hartog

This review concentrates on nucleosynthesis processes in general and their applications to massive stars and supernovae. A brief initial introduction is given to the physics in astrophysical plasmas which governs composition changes. We…

Some nuclear and astrophysical aspects of the r-process are discussed. Particular attention is paid to observations of abundances in metal-poor stars and their implications for the astrophysical site and yield patterns of the r-process. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Y. -Z. Qian

The determination of astrophysical reaction rates requires different approaches depending on the conditions in hydrostatic and explosive burning. The focus here is on astrophysical reaction rates for radiative neutron capture reactions.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-11-10 Thomas Rauscher

Nuclear astrophysics is a multi-disciplinary field with a huge demand for nuclear data. Among its various fields, stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis are clearly the most closely related to nuclear physics. The need for nuclear data for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-12-06 S. Goriely , A. Choplin , W. Ryssens , I. Kullmann

The specific mechanism and astrophysical site for the production of half of the elements heavier than iron via rapid neutron capture (r-process) remains to be found. In order to reproduce the abundances of the solar system and of the old…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 A. Arcones

Stars with a wide range of masses provide a variety of production sites for intermediate-to-heavy mass elements. Very massive stars with mass $\geq 8 M_{\odot}$ culminate their evolution by supernova explosions which are presumed to be the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Sasaqui , T. Kajino , A. B. Balantekin

Progress in the astrophysical understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis also depends on the knowledge of nuclear-physics quantities of extremely neutron-rich isotopes. In this context, experiments at CERN-ISOLDE have played a pioneering…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 K. -L. Kratz

The rapid neutron capture process (r-process) is thought to be responsible for the creation of more than half of all elements beyond iron. The scientific challenges to understanding the origin of the heavy elements beyond iron lie in both…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 S. Brett , I. Bentley , N. Paul , R. Surman , A. Aprahamian

Nuclear masses play a fundamental role in understanding how the heaviest elements in the Universe are created in the $r$-process. We predict $r$-process nucleosynthesis yields using neutron capture and photodissociation rates that are based…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-03-30 Dirk Martin , Almudena Arcones , Witold Nazarewicz , Erik Olsen

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations demonstrate that the earliest generations of stars in the Galaxy,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden

The rapid neutron-capture process, or r-process, is known to be fundamental for explaining the origin of approximately half of the A>60 stable nuclei observed in nature. In recent years nuclear astrophysicists have developed more and more…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 S. Goriely , N. Chamel , H. -T. Janka , J. M. Pearson