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Increasing interest in securing the Android ecosystem has spawned numerous efforts to assist app developers in building secure apps. These efforts have resulted in tools and techniques capable of detecting vulnerabilities (and malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Venkatesh-Prasad Ranganath , Joydeep Mitra

The Google Play marketplace has introduced the Data Safety section to improve transparency regarding how mobile applications (apps) collect, share, and protect user data. This mechanism requires developers to disclose privacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bakheet Aljedaani

Mobile agents have made progress toward reliable smartphone automation, yet performance in complex applications remains limited by incomplete knowledge and weak generalization to unseen environments. We introduce a curiosity driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sijia Li , Xiaoyu Tan , Shahir Ali , Niels Schmidt , Gengchen Ma , Xihe Qiu

Popularity and complexity of malicious mobile applications are rising, making their analysis difficult and labor intensive. Mobile application analysis is indeed inherently different from desktop application analysis: In the latter, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Andrea Gianazza , Federico Maggi , Aristide Fattori , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Stefano Zanero

Smartphones bring significant convenience to users but also enable devices to extensively record various types of personal information. Existing smartphone agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zhixin Lin , Jungang Li , Shidong Pan , Yibo Shi , Yue Yao , Dongliang Xu

Static benchmarks measure what AI agents can do at a fixed point in time but not how they are adopted, maintained, or experienced in deployment. We introduce AgentPulse, a continuous evaluation framework scoring 50 agents across 10 workload…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Gao , Megan Wang , Yi Ling Yu

Numerous tools rely on automatic categorization of Android apps as part of their methodology. However, incorrect categorization can lead to inaccurate outcomes, such as a malware detector wrongly flagging a benign app as malicious. One such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Marco Alecci , Jordan Samhi , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on automated software engineering tasks, yet existing benchmarks focus primarily on library-style repositories, leaving mobile application development largely unexplored despite its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Moshood A. Fakorede , Krishna Upadhyay , A. B. Siddique , Umar Farooq

We present OpenComputer, a verifier-grounded framework for constructing verifiable software worlds for computer-use agents. OpenComputer integrates four components: (1) app-specific state verifiers that expose structured inspection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jinbiao Wei , Qianran Ma , Yilun Zhao , Xiao Zhou , Kangqi Ni , Guo Gan , Arman Cohan

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in assistive tasks across various domains, including mobile device control. As these agents interact directly with personal information and device settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Juyong Lee , Dongyoon Hahm , June Suk Choi , W. Bradley Knox , Kimin Lee

GUI responsiveness is critical for a positive user experience in mobile applications. Even brief delays in visual feedback can frustrate users and lead to negative reviews. However, detecting and quantifying such user-perceived delays…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wei Liu , Linqiang Guo , Yi Wen Heng , Chenglin Li , Tse-Hsun , Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

The emergent large language/multimodal models facilitate the evolution of mobile agents, especially in mobile UI task automation. However, existing evaluation approaches, which rely on human validation or established datasets to compare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Xianqing Jia , Zhihan Zheng , Yunhe Yan , Longxi Gao , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

The ability to identify the author responsible for a given software object is critical for many research studies and for enhancing software transparency and accountability. However, as opposed to other application markets like iOS,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Kaspar Hageman , Álvaro Feal , Julien Gamba , Aniketh Girish , Jakob Bleier , Martina Lindorfer , Juan Tapiador , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez

GUI testing is significant in the SE community. Most existing frameworks are intrusive and only support some specific platforms. With the development of distinct scenarios, diverse embedded systems or customized operating systems on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Mingzhe Du , Yuchen Ling , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Android instrumentation tests (end-to-end tests that run on a device or emulator) can catch problems that simpler tests miss. However, running these tests automatically in continuous integration (CI) is often difficult because emulator…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hamid Parsazadeh , Taher A. Ghaleb , Safwat Hassan

The Android OS has become the most popular mobile operating system leading to a significant increase in the spread of Android malware. Consequently, several static and dynamic analysis systems have been developed to detect Android malware.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Mohammed K. Alzaylaee , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer

As mobile applications (apps) become ubiquitous in everyday life, it is crucial for developers to prioritize accessibility for users with diverse abilities. While previous research has identified widespread accessibility issues and raised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Amila Indika , Rick Kazman , Anthony Peruma

The rapid adoption of mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously control applications and operating systems (OS), exposes new system-level attack surfaces. Existing backdoors against web GUI agents and general GenAI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yutao Luo , Haotian Zhu , Shuchao Pang , Zhigang Lu , Tian Dong , Yongbin Zhou , Minhui Xue

Current mobile GUI agent benchmarks systematically fail to assess memory capabilities, with only 5.2-11.8% memory-related tasks and no cross-session learning evaluation. We introduce MemGUI-Bench, a comprehensive memory-centric benchmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Yaozhen Liang , Qinyi Luo , Shunye Tang , Yuxiang Chai , Weifeng Lin , Han Xiao , WenHao Wang , Siheng Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Gao Wu , Hao Wang , Liang Liu , Yong Liu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show strong capabilities for automating web tasks, but existing interactive benchmarks primarily target benign, predictable consumer environments. Their effectiveness in high-stakes, investigative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renqi Chen , Zeyin Tao , Jianming Guo , Jing Wang , Zezhou Xu , Jingzhe Zhu , Qingqing Sun , Tianyi Zhang , Shuai Chen