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Android allows apps to communicate with its system services via system service helpers so that these apps can use various functions provided by the system services. Meanwhile, the system services rely on their service helpers to enforce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Yi He , Yacong Gu , Purui Su , Kun Sun , Yajin Zhou , Zhi Wang , Qi Li

Automatic generators of GUI tests often fail to generate semantically relevant test cases, and thus miss important test scenarios. To address this issue, test adaptation techniques can be used to automatically generate semantically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Leonardo Mariani , Mauro Pezzè , Valerio Terragni , Daniele Zuddas

Agent benchmarks have become the de facto measure of frontier AI competence, guiding model selection, investment, and deployment. However, reward hacking, where agents maximize a score without performing the intended task, emerges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hao Wang , Hanchen Li , Qiuyang Mang , Alvin Cheung , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song

Mobile developers face unique challenges when detecting and reporting crashes in apps due to their prevailing GUI event-driven nature and additional sources of inputs (e.g., sensor readings). To support developers in these tasks, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Kevin Moran , Mario Linares-Vásquez , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Christopher Vendome , Denys Poshyvanyk

Smartphone GUI agents execute tasks by operating directly on app interfaces, offering a path to broad capability without deep system integration. However, real-world smartphone use is highly personalized: users adopt diverse workflows and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hongyi Nie , Xunyuan Liu , Yudong Bai , Yaqing Wang , Yang Liu , Quanming Yao , Zhen Wang

Android is the largest mobile platform, yet automatically building applications remains a practical challenge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for code repair, their use for fixing Android build errors remains underexplored.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Ha Min Son , Huan Ren , Xin Liu , Zhe Zhao

As Augmented Reality (AR) becomes more and more embedded in daily life, ensuring the quality, safety, and reliability of AR applications is increasingly important. However, AR apps present unique challenges for automated testing. Unlike…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Seyed Amir Mousavi , Xiaoyin Wang

Runtime enforcers can be used to ensure that running applications satisfy desired correctness properties. Although runtime enforcers that are correct-by-construction with respect to abstract behavioral models are relatively easy to specify,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled agents to operate in open-ended web and operating system environments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly target consumer-oriented scenarios (e.g., e-commerce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ying Mo , Yu Bai , Dapeng Sun , Yuqian Shi , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dan Li

Unlike the Web where each web page has a global URL to reach, a specific "content page" inside a mobile app cannot be opened unless the user explores the app with several operations from the landing page. Recently, deep links have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Yun Ma , Ziniu Hu , Dian Yang , Xuanzhe Liu

Android has been the most popular smartphone system, with multiple platform versions (e.g., KITKAT and Lollipop) active in the market. To manage the application's compatibility with one or more platform versions, Android allows apps to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Daoyuan Wu , Ximing Liu , Jiayun Xu , David Lo , Debin Gao

Energy efficiency is an important criterion to judge the quality of mobile apps, but one third of our randomly sampled apps suffer from energy issues that can quickly drain battery power. To understand these issues, we conducted an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xueliang Li , Yuming Yang , Yepang liu , John P. Gallagher , Kaishun Wu

The process of developing a mobile application typically starts with the ideation and conceptualization of its user interface. This concept is then translated into a set of mock-ups to help determine how well the user interface embodies the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Carlos Bernal-Cardenas , Kevin Moran , Michele Tufano , Zichang Liu , Linyong Nan , Zhehan Shi , Denys Poshyvanyk

The inception of a mobile app often takes form of a mock-up of the Graphical User Interface (GUI), represented as a static image delineating the proper layout and style of GUI widgets that satisfy requirements. Following this initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Kevin Moran , Boyang Li , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Dan Jelf , Denys Poshyvanyk

Maintaining reliable UI test suites in large-scale enterprise applications is a persistent and costly challenge. We present an industrial case study of a multi-agent autonomous testing system evaluated using anonymized execution data from a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hyukjoo Lee

Many apps have basic accessibility issues, like missing labels or low contrast. Automated tools can help app developers catch basic issues, but can be laborious or require writing dedicated tests. We propose a system, motivated by a…

VLM-based mobile agents are increasingly popular due to their capabilities to interact with smartphone GUIs and XML-structured texts and to complete daily tasks. However, existing online benchmarks struggle with obtaining stable reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Weikai Xu , Zhizheng Jiang , Yuxuan Liu , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Bin Wang , Bo An

A common security architecture is based on the protection of certain resources by permission checks (used e.g., in Android and Blackberry). It has some limitations, for instance, when applications are granted more permissions than they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alexandre Bartel , Jacques Klein , Martin Monperrus , Yves Le Traon

Despite regulatory efforts to establish reliable content-rating guidelines for mobile apps, the process of assigning content ratings in the Google Play Store remains self-regulated by the app developers. There is no straightforward method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 D. Denipitiyage , B. Silva , S. Seneviratne , A. Seneviratne , S. Chawla

There have been many studies on automated test generation for mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications. These studies successfully demonstrate how to detect fatal exceptions and achieve high code and activity coverage with fully…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Yavuz Koroglu , Alper Sen