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Using and comparing kinetic theory and second-order Chapman-Enskog hydrodynamics, we study the non-conformal dynamics of a system undergoing Bjorken expansion. We use the concept of `free-streaming fixed lines' for scaled shear and bulk…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-14 Sunil Jaiswal , Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Lipei Du , Ulrich Heinz , Subrata Pal

Using the second law of local thermodynamics and the first-order Palatini formalism, we formulate relativistic spin hydrodynamics for quantum field theories with Dirac fermions, such as QED and QCD, in a torsionful curved background. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Masaru Hongo , Xu-Guang Huang , Matthias Kaminski , Mikhail Stephanov , Ho-Ung Yee

Using anisotropic hydrodynamics, we examine the existence of early-time attractors of non-conformal systems undergoing Bjorken expansion. In the case of a constant mass, we find that the evolution of the scaled longitudinal pressure is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-01 Mubarak Alqahtani

Using the Zubarev's nonequilibrium statistical operator formalism, we derive the second-order expression for the dissipative tensors in relativistic spin hydrodynamics, {\em viz.} rotational stress tensor ($\tau_{\mu\nu}$), boost heat…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-26 Abhishek Tiwari , Binoy Krishna Patra

The non-equilibrium attractors of systems undergoing Gubser flow within relativistic kinetic theory are studied. In doing so we employ well-established methods of nonlinear dynamical systems which rely on finding the fixed points,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-07 Alireza Behtash , C. N. Cruz-Camacho , M. Martinez

We determine the behavior of an out-of-equilibrium superfluid, composed of a $U(1)$ Goldstone mode coupled to hydrodynamic modes in a M\" uller-Israel-Stewart theory, in expanding backgrounds relevant to heavy ion collision experiments and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-21 Guri K. Buza , Toshali Mitra , Alexander Soloviev

We examine the capabilities of second-order Israel-Stewart-type hydrodynamics to capture the early-time behaviour of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. We point out that at very early times, the dynamics of the fireball…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-08 Victor E. Ambruş , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-19 Paul Romatschke

We solve a Boltzmann equation for massless quark and gluon fluids in a transversally homogeneous, longitudinally boost-invariant expansion. Quarks can be out of chemical equilibrium and the relaxation times of the two species are assumed to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-20 Ferdinando Frascà , Andrea Beraudo , Michael Strickland

In this paper, we investigate the continuity of the attractors in time-dependent phase spaces. (i) We establish two abstract criteria on the upper semicontinuity and the residual continuity of the pullback $\mathscr D$-attractor with…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Yanan Li , Zhijian Yang

In this work we investigate the impact of conformal symmetry breaking on hydrodynamization of a far-from-equilibrium fluid. We find a new kind of transseries solutions for the non-conformal hydrodynamic equations of a longitudinal boost…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-21 Syo Kamata , Jakub Jankowski , Mauricio Martinez

We have studied analytically the longitudinally boost-invariant motion of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin. We have derived the analytic solutions of spin density and spin chemical potential as a function of proper time $\tau$ in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-12 Dong-Lin Wang , Shuo Fang , Shi Pu

Discrete Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) equations with non-local nonlinearities have been established as significant inherently discrete models in numerous physical contexts, similar to their counterparts with local nonlinear terms. We study two…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-25 Dirk Hennig , Nikos I. Karachalios

We derive the general analytical solution of the viscous hydrodynamic equations for an ultrarelativistic gas of hard spheres undergoing Bjorken expansion, taking into account effects from particle number conservation, and use it to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 Gabriel S. Denicol , Jorge Noronha

The time evolution of the averaged energy momentum tensor as well as its variation with energy density are calculated in a far-from-equilibrium state of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory undergoing a Bjorken expansion. The calculation is carried…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-07 Casey Cartwright , Matthias Kaminski , Marco Knipfer

I demonstrate that the concept of a non-equilibrium attractor can be extended beyond the lowest-order moments typically considered in hydrodynamic treatments. Using a previously obtained exact solution to the relaxation-time approximation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-12 Michael Strickland

Standard textbooks will state that hydrodynamics requires near-equilibrium to be applicable. Recently, however, out-of-equilibrium attractor solutions for hydrodynamics have been found in kinetic theory and holography in systems with a high…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-19 Paul Romatschke

In this work, we extend the formalism of second-order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics, developed previously using Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator formalism. By employing a second-order expansion of the statistical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-11-17 Arus Harutyunyan , Armen Sedrakian

We formulate the first-order dissipative anisotropic hydrodynamical theory for a relativistic conformal uncharged fluid, which generalizes the Bemfica-Disconzi-Noronha-Kovtun first-order viscous fluid framework. Our approach maintains…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-05 Fabio S. Bemfica , Mauricio Martinez , Masoud Shokri

Whether, how, and to what extent solutions of Bjorken-expanding systems become insensitive to aspects of their initial conditions is of importance for heavy-ion collisions. Here we study 1+1D and phenomenologically relevant boost-invariant…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-18 Aleksi Kurkela , Wilke van der Schee , Urs Achim Wiedemann , Bin Wu