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Spatial reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is the foundation for embodied intelligence. However, even in simple maze environments, LLMs still encounter challenges in long-term path-planning, primarily influenced by their spatial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hourui Deng , Hongjie Zhang , Jie Ou , Chaosheng Feng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catastrophic forgetting when adapting to sequential tasks. We introduce a routing-based architecture that integrates new capabilities while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jay Mohta , Kenan Emir Ak , Gwang Lee , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools but are often expensive to deploy at scale. LLM query routing mitigates this by dynamically assigning queries to models of varying cost and quality to obtain a desired trade-off. Prior query…

Sample efficiency is critical when applying learning-based methods to robotic manipulation due to the high cost of collecting expert demonstrations and the challenges of on-robot policy learning through online Reinforcement Learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Arsh Tangri , Ondrej Biza , Dian Wang , David Klee , Owen Howell , Robert Platt

Budget planning and maintenance optimization are crucial for infrastructure asset management, ensuring cost-effectiveness and sustainability. However, the complexity arising from combinatorial action spaces, diverse asset deterioration,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Amir Fard , Arnold X. -X. Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive capabilities but incur substantial inference latency and cost, which hinders their deployment in latency-sensitive and resource-constrained scenarios. Cloud-edge-device collaborative inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haoyu Qiao , Hao Zhang , Shanwen Mao , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Should a single collision necessarily terminate an entire navigation episode? In most deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks for robot navigation, this remains the standard practice: every collision immediately triggers a global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shanze Wang , Xinming Zhang , Siwei Cheng , Xianghui Wang , Hailong Huang , Wei Zhang

Time-sensitive machine learning benefits from Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT), which provides an optimal stopping time for early classification of time series. However, in finite horizon scenarios, where input lengths are finite,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Akinori F. Ebihara , Taiki Miyagawa , Kazuyuki Sakurai , Hitoshi Imaoka

The inherent capabilities of a language model (LM) and the reasoning strategies it employs jointly determine its performance in reasoning tasks. While test-time scaling is regarded as an effective approach to tackling complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhihong Pan , Kai Zhang , Yuze Zhao , Yupeng Han

Production LLM deployments increasingly maintain heterogeneous model pools spanning order-of-magnitude cost differences. Existing routers make binary strong-vs-weak decisions and couple learned parameters to specific model identities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Aashna Garg , Siddharth Singha Roy , Jinu Jang , Federico Brancasi , Shengyu Fu

We present an end-to-end framework for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using reinforcement learning. In this approach, we train a single model that finds near-optimal solutions for problem instances sampled from a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Mohammadreza Nazari , Afshin Oroojlooy , Lawrence V. Snyder , Martin Takáč

Reinforcement learning (RL) for auto-bidding has shifted from using simplistic offline simulators (Simulation-based RL Bidding, SRLB) to offline RL on fixed real datasets (Offline RL Bidding, ORLB). However, ORLB policies are limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhiyu Mou , Miao Xu , Wei Chen , Rongquan Bai , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu

In this paper, the problems of user offloading and resource optimization are jointly addressed to support ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) in HetNets. In particular, a multi-tier network with a single macro base station…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Mohammad Yousefvand , Kenza Hamidouche , Narayan B. Mandayam

Edge computing faces unprecedented resource orchestration challenges from multi-dimensional heterogeneity across device architectures, diverse task requirements in CPU-intensive, GPU-intensive, I/O-intensive, and dynamic network conditions.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianyong Zhu , Hao Chen , Juan Zhang , Fangda Guo , Albert Y. Zomaya , Renyu Yang

This paper presents a sampling-based method for optimal motion planning in non-holonomic systems in the absence of known cost functions. It uses the principle of learning through experience to deduce the cost-to-go of regions within the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Nahas Pareekutty , Francis James , Balaraman Ravindran , Suril V. Shah

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework for learning decision-making from offline data and therefore constitutes a promising approach for real-world applications as automated driving. Self-driving vehicles (SDV) learn a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Christopher Diehl , Timo Sievernich , Martin Krüger , Frank Hoffmann , Torsten Bertram

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful data-driven control method that has been largely explored in autonomous driving tasks. However, conventional RL approaches learn control policies through trial-and-error interactions with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tianyu Shi , Dong Chen , Kaian Chen , Zhaojian Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning principles into classical robot path planning represents a rapidly emerging research direction. In this paper, we propose a Semantic Risk-Aware Heuristic (SRAH) planner that encodes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hamza Ahmed Durrani , Rafay Suleman Durrani