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When captioning an image, people describe objects in diverse ways, such as by using different terms and/or including details that are perceptually noteworthy to them. Descriptions can be especially unique across languages and cultures.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Kyle Buettner , Jacob T. Emmerson , Adriana Kovashka

Evaluating text-to-image generative models remains a challenge, despite the remarkable progress being made in their overall performances. While existing metrics like CLIPScore work for coarse evaluations, they lack the sensitivity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Georgia Gabriela Sampaio , Ruixiang Zhang , Shuangfei Zhai , Jiatao Gu , Josh Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) make it easy to rewrite a text in any style -- e.g. to make it more polite, persuasive, or more positive -- but evaluation thereof is not straightforward. A challenge lies in measuring content preservation: that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

Although psycholinguists and psychologists have long studied the tendency of linguistic strings to evoke mental images in hearers or readers, most computational studies have applied this concept of imageability only to isolated words. Using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Si Wu , David A. Smith

Video editing models have advanced significantly, but evaluating their performance remains challenging. Traditional metrics, such as CLIP text and image scores, often fall short: text scores are limited by inadequate training data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Varun Biyyala , Bharat Chanderprakash Kathuria , Jialu Li , Youshan Zhang

Although image captioning models have made significant advancements in recent years, the majority of them heavily depend on high-quality datasets containing paired images and texts which are costly to acquire. Previous works leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Zhiyue Liu , Jinyuan Liu , Fanrong Ma

Text-to-image synthesis has recently attracted widespread attention due to rapidly improving quality and numerous practical applications. However, the language understanding capabilities of text-to-image models are still poorly understood,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Anton Baryshnikov , Max Ryabinin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automatic judges for summarization and dialogue evaluation. Prior work has documented biases such as position, verbosity, and style preferences, but largely focuses on outcomes, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Riya Tapwal , Abhishek Kumar , Carsten Maple

Image Difference Captioning (IDC) generates natural language descriptions that precisely identify differences between two images, serving as a key benchmark for fine-grained change perception, cross-modal reasoning, and image editing data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuancheng Wei , Haojie Zhang , Linli Yao , Lei Li , Jiali Chen , Tao Huang , Yiting Lu , Duojun Huang , Xin Li , Zhao Zhong

The emergence and global adoption of social media has rendered possible the real-time estimation of population-scale sentiment, bearing profound implications for our understanding of human behavior. Given the growing assortment of sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Andrew J. Reagan , Brian Tivnan , Jake Ryland Williams , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in downstream tasks that require quantitative concepts such as facial age estimation and image quality assessment, enabling VLMs to explore applications like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Wei-Hsiang Yu , Yen-Yu Lin , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yi-Hsuan Tsai

Ambiguity poses persistent challenges in natural language understanding for large language models (LLMs). To better understand how lexical ambiguity can be resolved through the visual domain, we develop an interpretable Visual Word Sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shamik Bhattacharya , Daniel Perkins , Yaren Dogan , Vineeth Konjeti , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Edmon Begoli

Curation methods for massive vision-language datasets trade off between dataset size and quality. However, even the highest quality of available curated captions are far too short to capture the rich visual detail in an image. To show the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jack Urbanek , Florian Bordes , Pietro Astolfi , Mary Williamson , Vasu Sharma , Adriana Romero-Soriano

Although CLIPScore is a powerful generic metric that captures the similarity between a text and an image, it fails to distinguish between a caption that is meant to complement the information in an image and a description that is meant to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Amir Zur , Elisa Kreiss , Karel D'Oosterlinck , Christopher Potts , Atticus Geiger

Recent advances in language and vision push forward the research of captioning a single image to describing visual differences between image pairs. Suppose there are two images, I_1 and I_2, and the task is to generate a description W_{1,2}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 An Yan , Xin Eric Wang , Tsu-Jui Fu , William Yang Wang

Evaluating whether vision-language models (VLMs) reason consistently across representations is challenging because modality comparisons are typically confounded by task differences and asymmetric information. We introduce SEAM, a benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhenwei Tang , Difan Jiao , Blair Yang , Ashton Anderson

Text-to-image generative models excel in creating images from text but struggle with ensuring alignment and consistency between outputs and prompts. This paper introduces TextMatch, a novel framework that leverages multimodal optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Jie Ouyang , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress in high-quality image synthesis, yet most benchmarks rely on simple, self-contained prompts, failing to capture the complexity of real-world captions. Human-written captions often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan , Sharon X. Huang , Dongwon Lee

Recent learning-based video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms are expensive to implement due to the cost of data collection of human quality opinions, and are less robust across various scenarios due to the biases of these opinions. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Haoning Wu , Liang Liao , Jingwen Hou , Chaofeng Chen , Erli Zhang , Annan Wang , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Weisi Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong cross-modal performance, yet recent evidence suggests they over-rely on textual descriptions while under-utilizing visual evidence -- a phenomenon termed ``text shortcut learning.'' We propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lijie Zhou