English

ANCHOR: LLM-driven Subject Conditioning for Text-to-Image Synthesis

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2026-04-28 v2 Computation and Language Multimedia

Abstract

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress in high-quality image synthesis, yet most benchmarks rely on simple, self-contained prompts, failing to capture the complexity of real-world captions. Human-written captions often involve multiple interacting subjects, rich contextual references, and abstractive phrasing, conditions under which current image-text encoders like CLIP struggle. To systematically study these deficiencies, we introduce ANCHOR, a large-scale dataset of 70K+ abstractive captions sourced from five major news media organizations. Analysis with ANCHOR reveals persistent failures in multi-subject understanding, context reasoning, and nuanced grounding. Motivated by these challenges, we propose Subject-Aware Fine-tuning (SAFE), which uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract key subjects and enhance their representation at the embedding-level. Experiments with contemporary models show that SAFE significantly improves image-caption consistency and human preference alignment, serving as a practical and scalable solution.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2404.10141,
  title  = {ANCHOR: LLM-driven Subject Conditioning for Text-to-Image Synthesis},
  author = {Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan and Sharon X. Huang and Dongwon Lee},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.10141},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted to The 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 2026

R2 v1 2026-06-28T15:55:10.100Z