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We study convergence rates of the generalized conditional gradient (GCG) method applied to fully discretized Mean Field Games (MFG) systems. While explicit convergence rates of the GCG method have been established at the continuous PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Haruka Nakamura , Norikazu Saito

We address in this paper a fundamental question that arises in mean-field games (MFGs), namely whether mean-field equilibria (MFE) for discrete-time finite-horizon MFGs can be used to obtain approximate stationary as well as non-stationary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Uğur Aydın , Tamer Başar , Naci Saldi

Recent techniques based on Mean Field Games (MFGs) allow the scalable analysis of multi-player games with many similar, rational agents. However, standard MFGs remain limited to homogeneous players that weakly influence each other, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kai Cui , Gökçe Dayanıklı , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Heinz Koeppl

In this paper, we investigate the robustness of stationary mean-field equilibria in the presence of model uncertainties, specifically focusing on infinite-horizon discounted cost functions. To achieve this, we initially establish…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Uğur Aydın , Naci Saldi

In this paper we study iterative procedures for stationary equilibria in games with large number of players. Most of learning algorithms for games with continuous action spaces are limited to strict contraction best reply maps in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-18 Hamidou Tembine , Raul Tempone , Pedro Vilanova

Mean-field games (MFGs) are models for large populations of competing rational agents that seek to optimize a suitable functional. In the case of congestion, this functional takes into account the difficulty of moving in high-density areas.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-10-05 David Evangelista , Rita Ferreira , Diogo A. Gomes , Levon Nurbekyan , Vardan Voskanyan

Mean field games formalize dynamic games with a continuum of players and explicit interaction where the players can have heterogeneous states. As they additionally yield approximate equilibria of corresponding $N$-player games, they are of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Berenice Anne Neumann

The formulation of Mean Field Games (MFG) typically requires continuous differentiability of the Hamiltonian in order to determine the advective term in the Kolmogorov--Fokker--Planck equation for the density of players. However, in many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Yohance A. P. Osborne , Iain Smears

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism facilitates otherwise intractable computation of approximate Nash equilibria in many-agent settings. In this paper, we consider discrete-time finite MFGs subject to finite-horizon objectives. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

In this paper, we consider a finite horizon, non-stationary, mean field games (MFG) with a large population of homogeneous players, sequentially making strategic decisions, where each player is affected by other players through an aggregate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Rajesh K Mishra , Deepanshu Vasal , Sriram Vishwanath

In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of mean field game (MFG) systems influenced by a common noise. While classical results establish the convergence of deterministic MFG towards stationary solutions under suitable monotonicity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Raphaël Maillet , Wenbin Yan

Here, we develop numerical methods for finite-state mean-field games (MFGs) that satisfy a monotonicity condition. MFGs are determined by a system of differential equations with initial and terminal boundary conditions. These non-standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Diogo Gomes , Joao Saude

To model complex real-world systems, such as traders in stock markets, or the dissemination of contagious diseases, graphon mean-field games (GMFG) have been proposed to model many agents. Despite the empirical success, our understanding of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Jing Dong , Baoxiang Wang , Yaoliang Yu

In this work, we consider a novel inverse problem in mean-field games (MFG). We aim to recover the MFG model parameters that govern the underlying interactions among the population based on a limited set of noisy partial observations of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Yat Tin Chow , Samy Wu Fung , Siting Liu , Levon Nurbekyan , Stanley Osher

We study a simple first-order mean field game in which the coupling with the mean field is only in the final time and gives an incentive for players to congregate. For a short enough time horizon, the equilibrium is unique. We consider the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 P. Jameson Graber , Ellie Matter , Rafael Morales , Lindsay North

While the topic of mean-field games (MFGs) has a relatively long history, heretofore there has been limited work concerning algorithms for the computation of equilibrium control policies. In this paper, we develop a computable policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

In this paper, we study large population multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of discrete-time linear-quadratic mean-field games (LQ-MFGs). Our setting differs from most existing work on RL for MFGs, in that we consider a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-02 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

We propose a control-theoretic framework for evolutionary clustering based on Mean Field Games (MFG). Moving beyond static or heuristic approaches, we formulate the problem as a population dynamics game governed by a coupled…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Alessio Basti , Fabio Camilli , Adriano Festa

Entropy regularization has been extensively adopted to improve the efficiency, the stability, and the convergence of algorithms in reinforcement learning. This paper analyzes both quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of entropy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Xin Guo , Renyuan Xu , Thaleia Zariphopoulou
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