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Improving large language model (LLM) reasoning requires supervision that is both aligned with the model's own test-time states and informative at the token level. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards provides on-policy exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhiquan Tan , Yinrong Hong

Partial observability is a notorious challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), due to the need to learn complex, history-dependent policies. Recent empirical successes have used privileged expert distillation--which leverages availability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yuda Song , Dhruv Rohatgi , Aarti Singh , J. Andrew Bagnell

It has been recently demonstrated that multi-generational self-distillation can improve generalization. Despite this intriguing observation, reasons for the enhancement remain poorly understood. In this paper, we first demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Zhilu Zhang , Mert R. Sabuncu

Knowledge distillation optimises a smaller student model to behave similarly to a larger teacher model, retaining some of the performance benefits. While this method can improve results on in-distribution examples, it does not necessarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joe Stacey , Marek Rei

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique that compresses large teacher models by training smaller student models to mimic them. The success of KD in auto-regressive language models mainly relies on Reverse KL for mode-seeking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jun Rao , Xuebo Liu , Zepeng Lin , Liang Ding , Jing Li , Dacheng Tao , Min Zhang

Decision transformer based sequential policies have emerged as a powerful paradigm in offline reinforcement learning (RL), yet their efficacy remains constrained by the quality of static datasets and inherent architectural limitations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yihao Qin , Yuanfei Wang , Hang Zhou , Peiran Liu , Hao Dong , Yiding Ji

Language model (LM) post-training (or alignment) involves maximizing a reward function that is derived from preference annotations. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a popular offline alignment method that trains a policy directly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Adam Fisch , Jacob Eisenstein , Vicky Zayats , Alekh Agarwal , Ahmad Beirami , Chirag Nagpal , Pete Shaw , Jonathan Berant

Offline Behavior Distillation (OBD), which condenses massive offline RL data into a compact synthetic behavioral dataset, offers a promising approach for efficient policy training and can be applied across various downstream RL tasks. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shiye Lei , Zhihao Cheng , Dacheng Tao

Recent progress in accelerating text-to-image diffusion models enables high-fidelity synthesis within a single denoising step. However, customizing the fast one-step models remains challenging, as existing methods consistently fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yixiong Yang , Tao Wu , Senmao Li , Shiqi Yang , Yaxing Wang , Joost van de Weijer , Kai Wang

We study example-level private supervised speech classification under a practical release constraint: training may access privileged side information, but the released model must be audio-only. This setting is important because speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yadi Wen , Tianxin Li , Enji Liang , Rong Du , Yue Fu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), yet state-of-the-art methods still fail to learn on many training problems. On hard problems, on-policy RL rarely explores even a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxiao Qu , Amrith Setlur , Virginia Smith , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Aviral Kumar

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) suffers from sparse outcome signals, creating severe exploration bottlenecks on complex reasoning tasks. Recent on-policy self-distillation methods attempt to address this by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yang Li , Erik Nijkamp , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty

In recent years, many explanation methods have been proposed to explain individual classifications of deep neural networks. However, how to leverage the created explanations to improve the learning process has been less explored. As the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Jindong Gu , Zhiliang Wu , Volker Tresp

Knowledge distillation (KD) achieves promising results on the challenging problem of unsupervised anomaly detection (AD).The representation discrepancy of anomalies in the teacher-student (T-S) model provides essential evidence for AD.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Hanqiu Deng , Xingyu Li

In this paper, we propose the first self-distillation framework for general object detection, termed LGD (Label-Guided self-Distillation). Previous studies rely on a strong pretrained teacher to provide instructive knowledge that could be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Peizhen Zhang , Zijian Kang , Tong Yang , Xiangyu Zhang , Nanning Zheng , Jian Sun

On-policy distillation is a promising approach for transferring knowledge between language models, where a student learns from dense token-level signals along its own trajectories. This framework typically uses reverse KL divergence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Woogyeol Jin , Taywon Min , Yongjin Yang , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yi Zhou , Dennis Wei , Nathalie Baracaldo , Kimin Lee

We study how to exploit dense simulator-defined rewards in vision-based autonomous driving without inheriting their misalignment with deployment metrics. In realistic simulators such as CARLA, privileged state (e.g., lane geometry,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Feeza Khan Khanzada , Jaerock Kwon

RLVR and OPD have become standard paradigms for post-training. We provide a unified analysis of these two paradigms in consolidating multiple expert capabilities into a single model, identifying capability loss in different ways: mixed RLVR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Naibin Gu , Chenxu Yang , Qingyi Si , Chuanyu Qin , Dingyu Yao , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang , Nan Duan , Jiaqi Wang

Detecting whether examples belong to a given in-distribution or are Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) requires identifying features specific to the in-distribution. In the absence of labels, these features can be learned by self-supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Nima Rafiee , Rahil Gholamipoorfard , Nikolas Adaloglou , Simon Jaxy , Julius Ramakers , Markus Kollmann

Current knowledge distillation approaches in semantic segmentation tend to adopt a holistic approach that treats all spatial locations equally. However, for dense prediction, students' predictions on edge regions are highly uncertain due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Liyang Liu , Zihan Wang , Minh Hieu Phan , Bowen Zhang , Jinchao Ge , Yifan Liu
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