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Phylogenetic networks are becoming of increasing interest to evolutionary biologists due to their ability to capture complex non-treelike evolutionary processes. From a combinatorial point of view, such networks are certain types of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Katharina T. Huber , Guillaume E. Scholz

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to allow for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization. They take the shape of a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, and when parameterized with evolutionary parameters,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-28 R. A. L. Elworth , H. A. Ogilvie , J. Zhu , L. Nakhleh

Phylogenetic trees and networks are graphs used to model evolutionary relationships, with trees representing strictly branching histories and networks allowing for events in which lineages merge, called reticulation events. While the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-17 Martin Frohn , Niels Holtgrefe , Leo van Iersel , Mark Jones , Steven Kelk

We provide precise asymptotic estimates for the number of general phylogenetic networks by using analytic combinatorial methods. Recently, this approach is studied by Fuchs, Gittenberger, and the author himself (Australasian Journal of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-01 Marefatollah Mansouri

Rooted phylogenetic networks are used to describe evolutionary histories that contain non-treelike evolutionary events such as hybridization and horizontal gene transfer. In some cases, such histories can be described by a phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-03 Laura Jetten , Leo van Iersel

The mathematical analysis of random phylogenetic networks via analytic and algorithmic methods has received increasing attention in the past years. In the present work we introduce branching process methods to their study. This approach…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Benedikt Stufler

Phylogenetic networks represent evolutionary history of species and can record natural reticulate evolutionary processes such as horizontal gene transfer and gene recombination. This makes phylogenetic networks a more comprehensive…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-15 Remie Janssen , Pengyu Liu

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of evolutionary trees that are used by biologists to represent the evolution of organisms which have undergone reticulate evolution. Essentially, a phylogenetic network is a directed acyclic graph…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-01 Leo van Iersel , Vincent Moulton , Eveline de Swart , Taoyang Wu

Rooted phylogenetic networks are often constructed by combining trees, clusters, triplets or characters into a single network that in some well-defined sense simultaneously represents them all. We review these four models and investigate…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-04-30 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees allowing for the representation of non-treelike evolutionary events such as hybridization. Typically, such networks have been analyzed based on their `level', i.e. based on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-05-11 Mareike Fischer , Michelle Galla , Lina Herbst , Yangjing Long , Kristina Wicke

We show a first-order asymptotics result for the number of galled networks with $n$ leaves. This is the first class of phylogenetic networks of {\it large} size for which an asymptotic counting result of such strength can be obtained. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Michael Fuchs , Guan-Ru Yu , Louxin Zhang

Galled trees are studied as a recombination model in population genetics. This class of phylogenetic networks is generalized into tree-child, galled and reticulation-visible network classes by relaxing a structural condition imposed on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-28 Gabriel Cardona , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks are a type of directed acyclic graph that represent how a set $X$ of present-day species are descended from a common ancestor by processes of speciation and reticulate evolution. In the absence of reticulate evolution,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-11 Andrew Francis , Charles Semple , Mike Steel

A normal network is uniquely determined by the set of phylogenetic trees that it displays. Given a set $\mathcal{P}$ of rooted binary phylogenetic trees, this paper presents a polynomial-time algorithm that reconstructs the unique binary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Magnus Bordewich , Simone Linz , Charles Semple

Phylogenetic networks generalize phylogenetic trees by representing reticulate evolution. Tree-based networks and their support trees have been extensively studied, but not all networks are tree-based. To measure how far such networks are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-27 Takatora Suzuki

Network reconstruction lies at the heart of phylogenetic research. Two well studied classes of phylogenetic networks include tree-child networks and level-$k$ networks. In a tree-child network, every non-leaf node has a child that is a tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Yukihiro Murakami , Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Vincent Moulton

Network Phylogenetic Diversity (Network-PD) is a measure for the diversity of a set of species based on a rooted phylogenetic network (with branch lengths and inheritance probabilities on the reticulation edges) describing the evolution of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Leo van Iersel , Mark Jones , Jannik Schestag , Celine Scornavacca , Mathias Weller

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that are used to represent non-tree-like evolutionary histories that arise in organisms such as plants and bacteria, or uncertainty in evolutionary histories. An…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-12-08 Andrew Francis , Katharina Huber , Vincent Moulton

In our previous work, we introduced the random $k$-cut number for rooted graphs. In this paper, we show that the distribution of the $k$-cut number in complete binary trees of size $n$, after rescaling, is asymptotically a periodic function…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Xing Shi Cai , Cecilia Holmgren

Most of major algorithms for phylogenetic tree reconstruction assume that sequences in the analyzed set either do not have any offspring, or that parent sequences can maximally mutate into just two descendants. The graph resulting from such…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-09 Piotr Plonski , Jan P. Radomski