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Identifying minimum-energy paths (MEPs) is crucial for understanding chemical reaction mechanisms but remains computationally demanding. We introduce MEPIN, a scalable machine-learning method for efficiently predicting MEPs from reactant…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Juno Nam , Miguel Steiner , Max Misterka , Soojung Yang , Avni Singhal , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

Transition states (TSs) are crucial for understanding reaction mechanisms, yet their exploration is limited by the complexity of experimental and computational approaches. Here we propose TS-DFM, a flow matching framework that predicts TSs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yufei Luo , Xiang Gu , Jian Sun

Transition state (TS) search is key in chemistry for elucidating reaction mechanisms and exploring reaction networks. The search for accurate 3D TS structures, however, requires numerous computationally intensive quantum chemistry…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-01 Chenru Duan , Yuanqi Du , Haojun Jia , Heather J. Kulik

Elucidating reaction mechanisms hinges on efficiently generating transition states (TSs), products, and complete reaction networks. Recent generative models, such as diffusion models for TS sampling and sequence-based architectures for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Ping Tuo , Jiale Chen , Ju Li

Mapping the chemical reaction pathways and their corresponding activation barriers is a significant challenge in molecular simulation. Given the inherent complexities of 3D atomic geometries, even generating an initial guess of these paths…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Akihide Hayashi , So Takamoto , Ju Li , Yuta Tsuboi , Daisuke Okanohara

Reliably predicting the products of chemical reactions presents a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry. Existing machine learning approaches typically produce a reaction product by sequentially forming its subparts or intermediate…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Hangrui Bi , Hengyi Wang , Chence Shi , Connor Coley , Jian Tang , Hongyu Guo

Finding representative reaction pathways is necessary for understanding mechanisms of molecular processes, but is considered to be extremely challenging. We propose a new method to construct reaction paths based on mean first-passage times.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Sanghyun Park , Klaus Schulten

Many algorithms for finding reaction pathways require an initial estimate of the minimum energy path (MEP). Most estimation methods use a variational approach and thus must be seeded from an even simpler path, such as one generated by…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Mark C Palenik

The minimum energy path (MEP) describes the mechanism of reaction, and the energy barrier along the path can be used to calculate the reaction rate in thermal systems. The nudged elastic band (NEB) method is one of the most commonly used…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Xuanyu Liu , Huajie Chen , Christoph Ortner

The essence of a chemical reaction lies in the redistribution and reorganization of electrons, which is often manifested through electron transfer or the migration of electron pairs. These changes are inherently discrete and abrupt in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Haitao Lin , Junjie Wang , Zhifeng Gao , Xiaohong Ji , Rong Zhu , Linfeng Zhang , Guolin Ke , Weinan E

Chemical reactions can be described as the stepwise redistribution of electrons in molecules. As such, reactions are often depicted using `arrow-pushing' diagrams which show this movement as a sequence of arrows. We propose an electron path…

Morphogenesis is central to biology but remains largely unexplored in chemistry. Reaction-diffusion (RD) mechanisms are, however, essential to understand how shape emerges in the living world. While numerical methods confirm the incredible…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2014-07-17 Anton S. Zadorin , Yannick Rondelez , Jean-Christophe Galas , André Estevez-Torres

A fundamental problem in organic chemistry is identifying and predicting the series of reactions that synthesize a desired target product molecule. Due to the combinatorial nature of the chemical search space, single-step reactant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Robin Yadav , Qi Yan , Guy Wolf , Avishek Joey Bose , Renjie Liao

Quantum mechanical methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT) are used with great success alongside efficient search algorithms for studying kinetics of reactive systems. However, DFT is prohibitively expensive for large scale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Mathias Schreiner , Arghya Bhowmik , Tejs Vegge , Peter Bjørn Jørgensen , Ole Winther

Characterizing conformational transitions in physical systems remains a fundamental challenge, as traditional sampling methods struggle with the high-dimensional nature of molecular systems and high-energy barriers between stable states.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Magnus Petersen , Gemma Roig , Roberto Covino

Formation control of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) has been extensively studied due to its broad applications in fields such as logistics transportation, environmental monitoring, and search and rescue. However, most existing works mainly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jianghong Dong , Yifeng Zhang , Jiawei Wang , Mengchi Cai , Keqiang Li , Guillaume Sartoretti

Generative modeling of physical systems, such as molecules, requires learning distributions that are invariant under global symmetries, such as rotations in three-dimensional space. Equivariant diffusion and flow matching models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Samir Darouich , Vinh Tong , Lluís Pastor-Pérez , Tanja Bien , Loay Mualem , Mathias Niepert

Understanding kinetics including reaction pathways and associated transition rates is an important yet difficult problem in numerous chemical and biological systems especially in situations with multiple competing pathways. When these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Sun-Ting Tsai , Zachary Smith , Pratyush Tiwary

We propose a framework to study tipping points in reaction-diffusion equations (RDEs) in one spatial dimension, where the reaction term decays in space (asymptotically homogeneous) and varies linearly with time (nonautonomous) due to an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Cris R. Hasan , Ruaidhrí Mac Cárthaigh , Sebastian Wieczorek

We show that neural networks can be optimized to represent minimum energy paths as continuous functions, offering a flexible alternative to discrete path-search methods such as Nudged Elastic Band (NEB). Our approach parameterizes reaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Kalyan Ramakrishnan , Lars L. Schaaf , Chen Lin , Guangrun Wang , Philip Torr
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