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Tool calling has emerged as a critical capability for AI agents. In contrast to conventional tool calling frameworks that rely on static, provider-specific tool definitions, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) offers a unified interface to…
Large language model powered autonomous agents demand robust, standardized protocols to integrate tools, share contextual data, and coordinate tasks across heterogeneous systems. Ad-hoc integrations are difficult to scale, secure, and…
As Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces an easy-to-use ecosystem for users and developers, it also brings underexplored safety risks. Its decentralized architecture, which separates clients and servers, poses unique challenges for…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly augmented with external tools through standardized interfaces like the Model Context Protocol (MCP). However, current MCP implementations face critical limitations: they typically require local…
Large language models are increasingly used as orchestrators of external tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP), but MCP is built for software services with megabytes of memory and does not descend to the microcontrollers that dominate…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) defines a schema bound execution model for agent-tool interaction, enabling modular computer vision workflows without retraining. To our knowledge, this is the first protocol level, deployment scale audit of…
Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become a key infrastructure for connecting LLMs with external tools, scaling to 10,000+ MCP servers with diverse tools. Unfortunately, there is still a large gap between real-world MCP usage and current…
Large Language Models (LLMs) remain static in functionality after training, and extending their capabilities requires integration with external data, computation, and services. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically discover and invoke third-party tools, significantly expanding agent capabilities while introducing a distinct security landscape. Unlike prompt-only…
Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables agents to interact with external tools, yet empirical research on MCP is hindered by the lack of large-scale, accessible datasets. We present MCPZoo, the largest and most comprehensive dataset of MCP…
Current LLM agents are proficient at calling isolated APIs but struggle with the "last mile" of commercial software automation. In real-world scenarios, tools are not independent; they are atomic, interdependent, and prone to environmental…
Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in solving complex tasks when integrated with external tools. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become a standard interface for enabling such tool-based interactions. However,…
Large language models(LLMs) are increasingly integrated with external systems through the Model Context Protocol(MCP),which standardizes tool invocation and has rapidly become a backbone for LLM-powered applications. While this paradigm…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) represents a significant advancement in AI-tool integration, enabling seamless communication between AI agents and external services. However, this connectivity introduces novel attack vectors that remain…
The increased adoption of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) for AI Agents necessitates robust security for Enterprise integrations. This paper introduces the MCP Gateway to simplify self-hosted MCP server integration. The proposed…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces a structurally distinct attack surface that existing threat frameworks, designed for traditional software systems or generic LLM deployments, do not adequately cover. This paper presents MCP-38, a…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic, provides a standardized framework for artificial intelligence (AI) systems to interact with external data sources and tools in real-time. While MCP offers significant advantages for…
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new and emerging technology that extends the functionality of large language models, improving workflows but also exposing users to a new attack surface. Several studies have highlighted related…
LLMs' capabilities are enhanced by using function calls to integrate various data sources or API results into the context window. Typical tools include search, web crawlers, maps, financial data, file systems, and browser usage, etc.…