English

MCP Bridge: A Lightweight, LLM-Agnostic RESTful Proxy for Model Context Protocol Servers

Cryptography and Security 2026-03-11 v3 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly augmented with external tools through standardized interfaces like the Model Context Protocol (MCP). However, current MCP implementations face critical limitations: they typically require local process execution through STDIO transports, making them impractical for resource-constrained environments like mobile devices, web browsers, and edge computing. We present MCP Bridge, a lightweight RESTful proxy that connects to multiple MCP servers and exposes their capabilities through a unified API. Unlike existing solutions, MCP Bridge is fully LLM-agnostic, supporting any backend regardless of vendor. The system implements a risk-based execution model with three security levels-standard execution, confirmation workflow, and Docker isolation-while maintaining backward compatibility with standard MCP clients. However, reliable execution within this framework requires models that can strictly adhere to protocol schemas. To this end, we also fine-tuned the Qwen3 4B and 8B model family on the Agent-Ark/Toucan-1.5M dataset using four Reinforcement Learning techniques: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), Dr. GRPO, Beta Normalization Policy Optimization (BNPO), and Decoupled Clip and Dynamic sAmpling Policy Optimization (DAPO). Evaluated on the MCPToolBench++ benchmark, our optimized model achieves an F1 score of 73.0% that outperforms GPT-OSS-120B (62.17%) and remains competitive with the 70B+ parameter baselines. Evaluation demonstrates that MCP Bridge successfully addresses the constraints of direct MCP connections while providing enhanced security controls and cross-platform compatibility, enabling sophisticated LLM-powered applications in previously inaccessible environments.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2504.08999,
  title  = {MCP Bridge: A Lightweight, LLM-Agnostic RESTful Proxy for Model Context Protocol Servers},
  author = {Arash Ahmadi and Sarah Sharif and Yaser M. Banad},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.08999},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

42 pages, 28 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:55:35.917Z