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Most existing task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems track dialog states in terms of slots and values and use them to query a database to get relevant knowledge to generate responses. In real-life applications, user utterances are noisier, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yucheng Cai , Hong Liu , Zhijian Ou , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng

Pre-trained language models based on general text enable huge success in the NLP scenario. But the intrinsical difference of linguistic patterns between general text and task-oriented dialogues makes existing pre-trained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Weihao Zeng , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Chen Zeng , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Weiran Xu

Task-oriented dialogue systems have made unprecedented progress with multiple state-of-the-art (SOTA) models underpinned by a number of publicly available MultiWOZ datasets. Dialogue state annotations are error-prone, leading to sub-optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ting Han , Ximing Liu , Ryuichi Takanobu , Yixin Lian , Chongxuan Huang , Dazhen Wan , Wei Peng , Minlie Huang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have incentivized models to ``think with images'' by actively invoking visual tools during multi-turn reasoning. The common Reinforcement Learning (RL) practice of relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wenhao Yang , Yu Xia , Jinlong Huang , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yuchen Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Testing humanoid robots with users is slow, causes wear, and limits iteration and diversity. Yet screening agents must master conversational timing, prosody, backchannels, and what to attend to in faces and speech for Depression and PTSD.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Filippo Cenacchi , Deborah Richards , Longbing Cao

Existing conversational systems are mostly agent-centric, which assumes the user utterances would closely follow the system ontology (for NLU or dialogue state tracking). However, in real-world scenarios, it is highly desirable that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Zhiyu Chen , Honglei Liu , Hu Xu , Seungwhan Moon , Hao Zhou , Bing Liu

Dialogue State Tracking (DST) requires precise extraction of structured information from multi-domain conversations, a task where Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle despite their impressive general capabilities. We present GEM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ziqi Zhu , Adithya Suresh , Tomal Deb , Iman Abbasnejad

Dialogue State Tracking (DST) is crucial for understanding user needs and executing appropriate system actions in task-oriented dialogues. Majority of existing DST methods are designed to work within predefined ontologies and assume the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Abdulfattah Safa , Gözde Gül Şahin

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) benchmarks provide an important avenue to measure progress and develop better conversational agents. However, existing datasets for end-to-end ToD modeling are limited to a single language, hindering the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Genta Indra Winata , Peng Xu , Feijun Jiang , Yuxiang Hu , Chen Shi , Pascale Fung

Table Question Answering (TableQA) enables natural language interaction with structured tabular data. However, existing large language model (LLM) approaches face critical limitations: context length constraints that restrict data handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tong Wang , Chi Jin , Yongkang Chen , Huan Deng , Xiaohui Kuang , Gang Zhao

Recently, there has been progress in supervised funetuning pretrained GPT-2 to build end-to-end task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems. However, online reinforcement learning of a GPT-2 based dialog system (DS), together with a end-to-end user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Hong Liu , Zhijian Ou , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems aim to efficiently handle task-oriented conversations, including information collection. How to utilize TOD accurately, efficiently and effectively for information collection has always been a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ming Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Yilong Wu , Shichun Liu , Huiyuan Zheng , Yurui Dong , Yujiong Shen , Shihan Dou , Jun Zhao , Junjie Ye , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Linear Recurrence has proven to be a powerful tool for modeling long sequences efficiently. In this work, we show that existing models fail to take full advantage of its potential. Motivated by this finding, we develop GateLoop, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Tobias Katsch

Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) has emerged as a promising approach in improving the transparency of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. However, there remains a gap between complex RL policies and domain experts, due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haechang Kim , Hao Chen , Can Li , Jong Min Lee

One of the major impediments to the development of new task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems is the need for human evaluation at multiple stages and iterations of the development process. In an effort to move toward automated evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sam Davidson , Salvatore Romeo , Raphael Shu , James Gung , Arshit Gupta , Saab Mansour , Yi Zhang

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have been widely deployed in many industries as they deliver more efficient customer support. These systems are typically constructed for a single domain or language and do not generalise well beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Nikita Moghe , Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Liane Guillou , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Alexandra Birch

Large-language-model (LLM) agents exhibit complex, context-sensitive behaviour that quickly renders static benchmarks and ad-hoc manual testing obsolete. We present Neo, a configurable, multi-agent framework that automates realistic,…

Today, most large-scale conversational AI agents (e.g. Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant) are built using manually annotated data to train the different components of the system. Typically, the accuracy of the ML models in these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Pragaash Ponnusamy , Alireza Roshan Ghias , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya

Dialogue systems need to produce responses that realize multiple types of dialogue acts (DAs) with high semantic fidelity. In the past, natural language generators (NLGs) for dialogue were trained on large parallel corpora that map from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Angela Ramirez , Karik Agarwal , Juraj Juraska , Utkarsh Garg , Marilyn A. Walker

Recently, data-driven task-oriented dialogue systems have achieved promising performance in English. However, developing dialogue systems that support low-resource languages remains a long-standing challenge due to the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Zhaojiang Lin , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung