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This paper provides a thorough mathematical analysis of continuous movable antenna (MA) arrays. Focusing on the multiple antenna case, we consider a linear antenna array with multiple fixed antenna elements that moves along a line. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Gayani Siriwardana , Peter J. Smith , Himal A. Suraweera , Rajitha Senanayake

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has significantly impacted wireless communication, by providing extraordinary performance gains. However, a minimum inter-antenna space constraint in MIMO systems does not allow its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Priyadarshi Mukherjee , Constantinos Psomas , Ioannis Krikidis

Fluid antennas (FAs) is a promising technology for introducing flexibility and reconfigurability in wireless networks. Recent research efforts have highlighted the potential gains that can be achieved in comparison to conventional antennas.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-03 Constantinos Psomas , Peter J. Smith , Himal A. Suraweera , Ioannis Krikidis

We introduce a novel received signal strength intensity (RSSI)-based positioning method using fluid antenna systems (FAS), leveraging their inherent channel correlation properties to improve location accuracy. By enabling a single antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Wenzhi Liu , Zhisheng Rong , Xiayue Liu , Yufei Jiang , Xu Zhu

Consider the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a continuous fluid antenna system (CFAS) operating over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this paper, we extend traditional system assumptions and consider spatially coherent isotropic correlation,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Peter J. Smith , Amy S. Inwood , Michail Matthaiou , Rajitha Senanayake

We consider a single-user (SU) continuous fluid antenna system (CFAS) employing matched filtering (MF) operating over a Ricean fading channel. Focusing on the upper tail of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution (the high SNR…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Rajitha Senanayake , Michail Matthaiou

Fluid antenna represents a concept where a mechanically flexible antenna can switch its location freely within a given space. Recently, it has been reported that even with a tiny space, a single-antenna fluid antenna system (FAS) can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Kai-Kit Wong , Arman Shojaeifard , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

Over the past decades, multiple antenna technologies have appeared in many different forms, most notably as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), to transform wireless communications for extraordinary diversity and multiplexing gains. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Kai-Kit Wong , Arman Shojaeifard , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

The reconfigurability of fluid antenna systems (FASs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provides significant flexibility in optimizing channel conditions by jointly adjusting the positions of fluid antennas and the phase shifts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xin Zhang , Dongfang Xu , Jingjing Wang , Shenghui Song , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Mérouane Debbah

Fluid antenna system (FAS), which continuously repositions a single physical element across a deployment region $[0, D]$, breaks this limit by freeing antenna positions from the discrete grid entirely. This paper establishes the theoretical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tuo Wu , Jie Tang , Ye Tian , Cheng Zeng , Matthew C. Valenti , Hing Cheung So

This paper investigates a fluid antenna (FA) enhanced integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system consisting of a base station (BS), multiple single-antenna communication users, and one point target, where the BS is equipped with FAs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Tian Hao , Changxin Shi , Yinghong Guo , Bin Xia , Feng Yang

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) are an emerging technology that promises a significant diversity gain even in the smallest spaces. Motivated by the groundbreaking potentials of liquid antennas, researchers in the wireless communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Malek Khammassi , Abla Kammoun , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Fluid antenna system promises to obtain enormous diversity in the small space of a mobile device by switching the position of the radiating element to the most desirable position from a large number of prescribed locations of the given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Zhi Chai , Kai-Kit Wong , Kin-Fai Tong , Yu Chen , Yangyang Zhang

The emerging technology of fluid antenna systems (FASs) represents a promising next-generation reconfigurable antenna solution, capable of exploiting the full spatial diversity within a predefined space by finely reconfiguring the positions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiangsheng Huangfu , Zhengyu Song , Tianwei Hou , Anna Li , Yuanwei Liu , Arumugam Nallanathan

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) enable dynamic antenna positioning, offering new opportunities to enhance integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) performance. However, existing studies primarily focus on communication enhancement or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Shunxing Yang , Junteng Yao , Jie Tang , Tuo Wu , Maged Elkashlan , Chau Yuen , Merouane Debbah , Hyundong Shin , Matthew Valenti

Fluid antenna systems represent an innovative approach in wireless communication, recently applied in multiple access to optimize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio through port selection. This letter frames the port selection…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Pedro D. Alvim , Hugerles S. Silva , Ugo S. Dias , Osamah S. Badarneh , Felipe A. P. Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

This paper advocates a fluid antenna system (FAS)-assisted long-range communication (LoRa-FAS) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. \textcolor{blue}{In the proposed system, FAS provides spatial diversity gains for LoRa, eliminating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Gaoze Mu , Yanzhao Hou , Kai-Kit Wong , Mingjie Chen , Qimei Cui , Xiaofeng Tao , Ping Zhang

This paper investigates a two-timescale uplink transmission framework for a fluid antenna-enabled multiuser multi-input multi-output system (MIMO-FAS). Antenna positions are optimized based on statistical channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Linyue Hu , Luchu Li , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren

Powered by position-flexible antennas, the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS) technology is postulated as a key enabler for massive connectivity in 6G networks. The free movement of antenna elements enables the opportunistic minimization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-24 Pablo Ramirez-Espinosa , David Morales-Jimenez , Kai-Kit Wong

Fluid antenna systems encompass a broad class of reconfigurable antenna technologies that offer substantial spatial diversity for various optimization objectives and communication tasks. Their capability to enhance spatial resolution within…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jingyuan Xu , Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , Hao Jiang , Zaichen Zhang
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