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The natural world is abundant with concepts expressed via visual, acoustic, tactile, and linguistic modalities. Much of the existing progress in multimodal learning, however, focuses primarily on problems where the same set of modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Paul Pu Liang , Peter Wu , Liu Ziyin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Various data modalities are common in real-world applications (e.g., electronic health records, medical images and clinical notes in healthcare). It is essential to develop multimodal learning methods to aggregate various information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Feng Wu , Tsai Hor Chan , Fuying Wang , Guosheng Yin , Lequan Yu

Recent vision-language pre-training models have exhibited remarkable generalization ability in zero-shot recognition tasks. Previous open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding methods mostly focus on training 3D models using either image or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Ruihuang Li , Zhengqiang Zhang , Chenhang He , Zhiyuan Ma , Vishal M. Patel , Lei Zhang

Multimodal alignment is commonly learned from isolated image-text pairs via CLIP-style dual encoders, leaving the relational context among entities largely unused. Multimodal attributed graphs (MAGs), where nodes carry multimodal attributes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xu Wang , Xunkai Li , Yinlin Zhu , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently exhibited impressive general-purpose capabilities by leveraging vision foundation models to encode the core concepts of images into representations. These are then combined with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Sara Ghazanfari , Alexandre Araujo , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Learning from multiple modalities, such as audio and video, offers opportunities for leveraging complementary information, enhancing robustness, and improving contextual understanding and performance. However, combining such modalities…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Konstantinos Kontras , Christos Chatzichristos , Matthew Blaschko , Maarten De Vos

While integrating multiple modalities has the potential to improve environmental monitoring, current approaches struggle to combine data sources with heterogeneous formats or contents. A central difficulty arises when combining continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Valerie Zermatten , Chiara Vanalli , Gencer Sumbul , Diego Marcos , Devis Tuia

Human action recognition (HAR) with multi-modal inputs (RGB-D, skeleton, point cloud) can achieve high accuracy but typically relies on large labeled datasets and degrades sharply when sensors fail or are noisy. We present Robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Hasan Akgul , Mari Eplik , Javier Rojas , Akira Yamamoto , Rajesh Kumar , Maya Singh

Multimodal embedding models, built upon causal Vision Language Models (VLMs), have shown promise in various tasks. However, current approaches face three key limitations: the use of causal attention in VLM backbones is suboptimal for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haonan Chen , Hong Liu , Yuping Luo , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Zhicheng Dou

Multi-modal learning, which focuses on utilizing various modalities to improve the performance of a model, is widely used in video recognition. While traditional multi-modal learning offers excellent recognition results, its computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Rameswar Panda , Chun-Fu Chen , Quanfu Fan , Ximeng Sun , Kate Saenko , Aude Oliva , Rogerio Feris

Gradient-based meta-learners such as MAML are able to learn a meta-prior from similar tasks to adapt to novel tasks from the same distribution with few gradient updates. One important limitation of such frameworks is that they seek a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Risto Vuorio , Shao-Hua Sun , Hexiang Hu , Joseph J. Lim

Personalized object detection aims to adapt a general-purpose detector to recognize user-specific instances from only a few examples. Lightweight models often struggle in this setting due to their weak semantic priors, while large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Elena Camuffo , Francesco Barbato , Mete Ozay , Simone Milani , Umberto Michieli

Multimodal representation learning harmonizes distinct modalities by aligning them into a unified latent space. Recent research generalizes traditional cross-modal alignment to produce enhanced multimodal synergy but requires all modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiaohao Liu , Xiaobo Xia , Jiaheng Wei , Shuo Yang , Xiu Su , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

While multimodal data integrating diverse imaging and clinical tabular records is crucial for accurate medical diagnosis, the arbitrary absence of specific modalities is prevalent in clinical practice, severely degrading the performance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tianling Liu , Lequan Yu , Tong Han , Liang Wan

This research paper addresses the challenge of modality mismatch in multimodal learning, where the modalities available during inference differ from those available at training. We propose the Text-centric Alignment for Multi-Modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yun-Da Tsai , Ting-Yu Yen , Pei-Fu Guo , Zhe-Yan Li , Shou-De Lin

Multimodal recommendation enhances accuracy by leveraging visual and textual signals, and its success largely depends on learning high-quality cross-modal representations. Recent advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) offer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhongtao Rao , Peilin Zhou , Dading Chong , Zhiwei Chen , Shoujin Wang , Nan Tang

Multi-modal semantic understanding requires integrating information from different modalities to extract users' real intention behind words. Most previous work applies a dual-encoder structure to separately encode image and text, but fails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Ming Zhang , Ke Chang , Yunfang Wu

In modern online learning, understanding and predicting student behavior is crucial for enhancing engagement and optimizing educational outcomes. This systematic review explores the integration of biosensors and Multimodal Learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Alvaro Becerra , Ruth Cobos , Charles Lang

Image matching for both cross-view and cross-modality plays a critical role in multimodal perception. In practice, the modality gap caused by different imaging systems/styles poses great challenges to the matching task. Existing works try…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiangwei Ren , Xingyu Jiang , Zizhuo Li , Dingkang Liang , Xin Zhou , Xiang Bai

Multimodal learning leverages complementary information derived from different modalities, thereby enhancing performance in medical image segmentation. However, prevailing multimodal learning methods heavily rely on extensive well-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaogen Zhou , Yiyou Sun , Min Deng , Winnie Chiu Wing Chu , Qi Dou