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Image tokenization, the process of transforming raw image pixels into a compact low-dimensional latent representation, has proven crucial for scalable and efficient image generation. However, mainstream image tokenization methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kaiwen Zha , Lijun Yu , Alireza Fathi , David A. Ross , Cordelia Schmid , Dina Katabi , Xiuye Gu

Recent text-to-image models produce high-quality results but still struggle with precise visual control, balancing multimodal inputs, and requiring extensive training for complex multimodal image generation. To address these limitations, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Jiuxiang Gu , Wen Xiao , Minjia Zhang , Junjie Hu

Image tokenizers form the foundation of modern text-to-image generative models but are notoriously difficult to train. Furthermore, most existing text-to-image models rely on large-scale, high-quality private datasets, making them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dongwon Kim , Ju He , Qihang Yu , Chenglin Yang , Xiaohui Shen , Suha Kwak , Liang-Chieh Chen

Text-to-Motion (T2M) generation aims to synthesize realistic and semantically aligned human motion sequences from natural language descriptions. However, current approaches face dual challenges: Generative models (e.g., diffusion models)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhengdao Li , Siheng Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

Advancements in language foundation models have primarily fueled the recent surge in artificial intelligence. In contrast, generative learning of non-textual modalities, especially videos, significantly trails behind language modeling. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Lijun Yu

Recent advancements in audio language models have underscored the pivotal role of audio tokenization, which converts audio signals into discrete tokens, thereby facilitating the application of language model architectures to the audio…

Autoregressive models can generate high-quality 3D meshes by sequentially producing vertices and faces, but their token-by-token decoding results in slow inference, limiting practical use in interactive and large-scale applications. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Tingrui Shen , Yiheng Zhang , Chen Tang , Chuan Ping , Zixing Zhao , Le Wan , Yuwang Wang , Ronggang Wang , Shengfeng He

Autoregressive (AR) models have recently shown strong performance in image generation, where a critical component is the visual tokenizer (VT) that maps continuous pixel inputs to discrete token sequences. The quality of the VT largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Huawei Lin , Tong Geng , Zhaozhuo Xu , Weijie Zhao

Audio language models have recently emerged as a promising approach for various audio generation tasks, relying on audio tokenizers to encode waveforms into sequences of discrete symbols. Audio tokenization often poses a necessary…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Zhijun Liu , Shuai Wang , Sho Inoue , Qibing Bai , Haizhou Li

Autoregressive language models have demonstrated a remarkable ability to extract latent structure from text. The embeddings from large language models have been shown to capture aspects of the syntax and semantics of language. But what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Liyi Zhang , Michael Y. Li , R. Thomas McCoy , Theodore R. Sumers , Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths

Neural network based end-to-end text to speech (TTS) has significantly improved the quality of synthesized speech. Prominent methods (e.g., Tacotron 2) usually first generate mel-spectrogram from text, and then synthesize speech from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Yi Ren , Yangjun Ruan , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Representing symbolic music with compound tokens, where each token consists of several different sub-tokens representing a distinct musical feature or attribute, offers the advantage of reducing sequence length. While previous research has…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 HaeJun Yoo , Hao-Wen Dong , Jongmin Jung , Dasaem Jeong

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their sequential, token-by-token generation process. We argue that overcoming this bottleneck requires a new design axis for LLM scaling: increasing the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenze Shao , Darren Li , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Recently, large-scale text-to-image (T2I) models have shown impressive performance in generating high-fidelity images, but with limited controllability, e.g., precisely specifying the content in a specific region with a free-form text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zhengyuan Yang , Jianfeng Wang , Zhe Gan , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Chenfei Wu , Nan Duan , Zicheng Liu , Ce Liu , Michael Zeng , Lijuan Wang

Music generation has advanced markedly through multimodal deep learning, enabling models to synthesize audio from text and, more recently, from images. However, existing image-conditioned systems suffer from two fundamental limitations: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ivan Rinaldi , Matteo Mendula , Nicola Fanelli , Florence Levé , Matteo Testi , Giovanna Castellano , Gennaro Vessio

Efficiently compressing high-dimensional audio signals into a compact and informative latent space is crucial for various tasks, including generative modeling and music information retrieval (MIR). Existing audio autoencoders, however,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Traditional language models operate autoregressively, i.e., they predict one token at a time. Rapid explosion in model sizes has resulted in high inference times. In this work, we propose DynaMo, a suite of multi-token prediction language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Shikhar Tuli , Chi-Heng Lin , Yen-Chang Hsu , Niraj K. Jha , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Autoregressive conditional image generation algorithms are capable of generating photorealistic images that are consistent with given textual or image conditions, and have great potential for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Qiaoying Qu , Shiyu Shen

Discovering and exploring the underlying structure of multi-instrumental music using learning-based approaches remains an open problem. We extend the recent MusicVAE model to represent multitrack polyphonic measures as vectors in a latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-04 Ian Simon , Adam Roberts , Colin Raffel , Jesse Engel , Curtis Hawthorne , Douglas Eck

Autoregressive Model (AR) has shown remarkable success in conditional image generation. However, these approaches for multiple reference generation struggle with decoupling different reference identities. In this work, we propose the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haiyue Sun , Qingdong He , Jinlong Peng , Peng Tang , Jiangning Zhang , Junwei Zhu , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan