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The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) has placed embodied intelligence at the forefront of robotics research. Embodied intelligence focuses on agents capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting within the physical world.…

World modeling has become a cornerstone in AI research, enabling agents to understand, represent, and predict the dynamic environments they inhabit. While prior work largely emphasizes generative methods for 2D image and video data, they…

For embodied agents to infer representations of the underlying 3D physical world they inhabit, they should efficiently combine multisensory cues from numerous trials, e.g., by looking at and touching objects. Despite its importance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Jae Hyun Lim , Pedro O. Pinheiro , Negar Rostamzadeh , Christopher Pal , Sungjin Ahn

Given the remarkable ability of 2D foundation image models to generate high-fidelity outputs, we investigate a fundamental question: do 2D foundation image models inherently possess 3D world model capabilities? To answer this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ziya Erkoç , Angela Dai , Matthias Nießner

Embodied reasoning is inherently viewpoint-dependent: what is visible, occluded, or reachable depends critically on where the agent stands. However, existing spatial memory systems for embodied agents typically store either multi-view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 JooHyun Park , HyeongYeop Kang

This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-24 Giovanni Pezzulo , Leo D'Amato , Francesco Mannella , Matteo Priorelli , Toon Van de Maele , Ivilin Peev Stoianov , Karl Friston

In this article, we propose the novel concept of Belief Scene Graphs, which are utility-driven extensions of partial 3D scene graphs, that enable efficient high-level task planning with partial information. We propose a graph-based learning…

Generalizable robotic mobile manipulation in open-world environments poses significant challenges due to long horizons, complex goals, and partial observability. A promising approach to address these challenges involves planning with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Linfeng Zhao , Willie McClinton , Aidan Curtis , Nishanth Kumar , Tom Silver , Leslie Pack Kaelbling , Lawson L. S. Wong

Large-scale video generative models can synthesize diverse and realistic visual content for dynamic world creation, but they often lack element-wise controllability, hindering their use in editing scenes and training embodied AI agents. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sicheng Mo , Ziyang Leng , Leon Liu , Weizhen Wang , Honglin He , Bolei Zhou

High-quality 3D world models are pivotal for embodied intelligence and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), underpinning applications such as AR/VR content creation and robotic navigation. Despite the established strong imaginative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yixiang Dai , Fan Jiang , Chiyu Wang , Mu Xu , Yonggang Qi

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have…

Recently, multiple formulations of vision problems as probabilistic inversions of generative models based on computer graphics have been proposed. However, applications to 3D perception from natural images have focused on low-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Tejas D. Kulkarni , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Pushmeet Kohli , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

As part of human core knowledge, the representation of objects is the building block of mental representation that supports high-level concepts and symbolic reasoning. While humans develop the ability of perceiving objects situated in 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 John Day , Tushar Arora , Jirui Liu , Li Erran Li , Ming Bo Cai

This paper describes our research on AI agents embodied in visual, virtual or physical forms, enabling them to interact with both users and their environments. These agents, which include virtual avatars, wearable devices, and robots, are…

A world model is an AI system that simulates how an environment evolves under actions, enabling planning through imagined futures rather than reactive perception. Current world models, however, suffer from visual conflation: the mistaken…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhikang Chen , Tingting Zhu

Spatial embodied intelligence requires agents to act to acquire information under partial observability. While multimodal foundation models excel at passive perception, their capacity for active, self-directed exploration remains…

Generative models have achieved success in producing semantically plausible 2D images, but it remains challenging in 3D generation due to the absence of spatial geometry constraints. Typically, existing methods utilize geometric features as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Haonan Wang , Hanyu Zhou , Haoyue Liu , Tao Gu , Luxin Yan

For robots to robustly understand and interact with the physical world, it is highly beneficial to have a comprehensive representation - modelling geometry, physics, and visual observations - that informs perception, planning, and control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jad Abou-Chakra , Krishan Rana , Feras Dayoub , Niko Sünderhauf

Constructing compact and informative 3D scene representations is essential for effective embodied exploration and reasoning, especially in complex environments over extended periods. Existing representations, such as object-centric 3D scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yuncong Yang , Han Yang , Jiachen Zhou , Peihao Chen , Hongxin Zhang , Yilun Du , Chuang Gan

Humans navigate in their environment by learning a mental model of the world through passive observation and active interaction. Their world model allows them to anticipate what might happen next and act accordingly with respect to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Anthony Hu