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Recent advances in AI-assisted programming have empowered agents to execute complex workflows via command-line interfaces, however, existing benchmarks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack…

Prompt injection attacks represent a major vulnerability in Large Language Model (LLM) deployments, where malicious instructions embedded in user inputs can override system prompts and induce unintended behaviors. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 S M Asif Hossain , Ruksat Khan Shayoni , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , M. F. Mridha , Jungpil Shin

Autonomous web agents such as \textbf{OpenClaw} are rapidly moving into high-impact real-world workflows, but their security robustness under live network threats remains insufficiently evaluated. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haochen Zhao , Shaoyang Cui

The use of skills (a.k.a., options) can greatly accelerate exploration in reinforcement learning, especially when only sparse reward signals are available. While option discovery methods have been proposed for individual agents, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Jiayu Chen , Marina Haliem , Tian Lan , Vaneet Aggarwal

Large language model-based web agents have shown strong potential in automating web interactions through advanced reasoning and instruction following. While retrieval-based memory derived from historical trajectories enables these agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunteng Tan , Zhi Gao , Xinxiao Wu

This work explores injection attacks against password managers. In this setting, the adversary (only) controls their own application client, which they use to "inject" chosen payloads to a victim's client via, for example, sharing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Andrés Fábrega , Armin Namavari , Rachit Agarwal , Ben Nassi , Thomas Ristenpart

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into web browsers to create agentic browsing systems that execute actions on behalf of the user. Prior work considering the security of agentic browsers focuses exclusively on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sohom Datta , Alex Nahapetyan , William Enck , Alexandros Kapravelos

Web agents promise to automate complex browser tasks, but current methods remain brittle -- relying on step-by-step UI interactions and heavy LLM reasoning that break under dynamic layouts and long horizons. Humans, by contrast, exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Viraj Prabhu , Yutong Dai , Matthew Fernandez , Jing Gu , Krithika Ramakrishnan , Yanqi Luo , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Junnan Li , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu

Large language model-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) effectively accomplish complex and dynamic tasks through inter-agent communication, but this reliance introduces substantial safety vulnerabilities. Existing attack methods targeting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Bingyu Yan , Ziyi Zhou , Xiaoming Zhang , Chaozhuo Li , Ruilin Zeng , Yirui Qi , Tianbo Wang , Litian Zhang

Many terminals are used in safety-critical operations in which humans, through terminal user interfaces, become a part of the system control loop (e.g., medical and industrial systems). These terminals are typically embedded, single-purpose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Luka Malisa , Kari Kostiainen , Thomas Knell , David Sommer , Srdjan Capkun

With the proliferation of LLM-driven multi-agent systems (MAS), the security of Web links has become a critical concern. Once MAS is induced to trust a malicious link, attackers can use it as a springboard to expand the attack surface. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Dezhang Kong , Hujin Peng , Yilun Zhang , Lele Zhao , Zhenhua Xu , Shi Lin , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Multi-agent systems can be extremely efficient when working concurrently and collaboratively, e.g., for delivery, surveillance, search and rescue. Coordination of such teams often involves two aspects: selecting appropriate subteams for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyuan Luo , Jie Li , Meng Guo

Malicious agents in collaborative learning and outsourced data collection threaten the training of clean models. Backdoor attacks, where an attacker poisons a model during training to successfully achieve targeted misclassification, are a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Siddhartha Datta , Nigel Shadbolt

Large language model (LLM)-based agents combine LLMs with external tools to automate tasks such as scheduling meetings, managing documents, or booking travel. While these integrations unlock powerful capabilities, they also create new and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jonathan Evertz , Merlin Chlosta , Lea Schönherr , Thorsten Eisenhofer

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show strong potential for performing goal-oriented tasks such as information retrieval, report generation, and online transactions. These agents mark a key step toward practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shiqi He , Yue Cui , Xinyu Ma , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Mosharaf Chowdhury

As AI agents are increasingly adopted to collaborate on complex objectives, ensuring the security of autonomous multi-agent systems becomes crucial. We develop simulations of agents collaborating on shared objectives to study these security…

Modern vision-language-model (VLM) based graphical user interface (GUI) agents are expected not only to execute actions accurately but also to respond to user instructions with low latency. While existing research on GUI-agent security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Junxian Li , Tu Lan , Haozhen Tan , Yan Meng , Haojin Zhu

Deep learning models are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where slight perturbations to input data lead to misclassification. Adversarial attacks become increasingly effective with access to information about the targeted classifier. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yu Zhe , Rei Nagaike , Daiki Nishiyama , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

With the ever growing networking capabilities and services offered to users, attack surfaces have been increasing exponentially, additionally, the intricacy of network architectures has increased the complexity of cyber-defenses, to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Xavier Bellekens , Gayan Jayasekara , Hanan Hindy , Miroslav Bures , David Brosset , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson