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Under mild regularity conditions, gradient-based methods converge globally to a critical point in the single-loss setting. This is known to break down for vanilla gradient descent when moving to multi-loss optimization, but can we hope to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Alistair Letcher

The rapid iteration and frequent updates of modern video games pose significant challenges to the efficiency and specificity of testing. Although automated playtesting methods based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Enhong Mu , Jinyu Cai , Yijun Lu , Mingyue Zhang , Kenji Tei , Jialong Li

LLMs can be used in a variety of code related tasks such as translating from one programming language to another, implementing natural language requirements and code summarization. Artifacts generated by state of the art LLM technology are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Eitan Farchi , Shmulik Froimovich , Rami Katan , Orna Raz

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

This paper presents a demonstration of our monster battle game, in which the game agents fight in accordance with their player's language commands. The commands were translated into the knowledge expression called behavior branches by a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Ray Ito , Junichiro Takahashi

Scientific and Technical Intelligence (S&TI) analysis requires verifying complex technical claims across rapidly growing literature, where existing approaches fail to bridge the verification gap between surface-level accuracy and deeper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuntao Du , Minh Dinh , Kaiyuan Zhang , Ninghui Li

Reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently shown strong potential in enhancing generative recommendation through deep understanding of complex user preference. Existing approaches follow a {reason-then-recommend} paradigm, where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinyu Lin , Hanqing Zeng , Hanchao Yu , Yinglong Xia , Jiang Zhang , Aashu Singh , Fei Liu , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua , Qifan Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are reshaping the game industry, by enabling more intelligent and human-preferable characters. Yet, current game benchmarks fall short of practical needs: they lack evaluations of diverse LLM capabilities…

Program verification is a formal technique to rigorously ensure the correctness and fault-freeness of software systems. However, constructing comprehensive interprocedural specifications for full verification obligations is time-consuming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Lezhi Ma , Shangqing Liu , Yi Li , Qiong Wu , Han Wang , Lei Bu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

Prior studies on deception in language-based AI agents typically assess whether the agent produces a false statement about a topic, or makes a binary choice prompted by a goal, rather than allowing open-ended deceptive behavior to emerge in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Satvik Golechha , Adrià Garriga-Alonso

Automated verification techniques for stochastic games allow formal reasoning about systems that feature competitive or collaborative behaviour among rational agents in uncertain or probabilistic settings. Existing tools and techniques…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos

This paper presents a temporal expression language for monitoring AI agent behavior, enabling systematic error-detection of LLM-based agentic systems that exhibit variable outputs due to stochastic generation processes. Drawing from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Thomas J Sheffler

Building open agents has always been the ultimate goal in AI research, and creative agents are the more enticing. Existing LLM agents excel at long-horizon tasks with well-defined goals (e.g., `mine diamonds' in Minecraft). However, they…

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in complex tasks and interactive environments, yet their creativity remains underexplored. This paper introduces a simulation framework utilizing the game Balderdash to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Parsa Hejabi , Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Preni Golazizian , Jesse Thomason , Morteza Dehghani

Verification is becoming central to both reinforcement-learning-based training and inference-time control of large language models (LLMs). Yet current verifiers face a fundamental trade-off: LLM-based verifiers are expressive but hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Concurrent stochastic games are an important formalism for the rational verification of probabilistic multi-agent systems, which involves verifying whether a temporal logic property is satisfied in some or all game-theoretic equilibria of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Daniel Stan , Muhammad Najib , Anthony Widjaja Lin , Parosh Aziz Abdulla

We introduce GamEDAI, a hierarchical multi-agent framework that transforms instructor-provided questions into fully playable, pedagogically grounded educational games validated through formal mechanic contracts. Built on phase-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiven Agarwal , Yash Shah , Ashish Raj Shekhar , Priyanuj Bordoloi , Vivek Gupta

Testing MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) is a critical yet labor-intensive task in game development due to their complexity and frequent updating nature. Traditional automated game testing approaches struggle to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Chengjia Wang , Lanling Tang , Ming Yuan , Jiongchi Yu , Xiaofei Xie , Jiajun Bu