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Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and multi-turn interactions but struggle to continuously improve and adapt when deployed in new environments. One promising approach is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiongxiao Wang , Qiaojing Yan , Yawei Wang , Yijun Tian , Soumya Smruti Mishra , Zhichao Xu , Megha Gandhi , Panpan Xu , Lin Lee Cheong

Agent skills extend local AI agents, such as Claude Code or Open Claw, with additional functionality, and their popularity has led to the emergence of dedicated skill marketplaces, similar to app stores for mobile applications.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Florian Holzbauer , David Schmidt , Gabriel Gegenhuber , Sebastian Schrittwieser , Johanna Ullrich

LLM-powered agents are beginning to automate user's tasks across the open web, often with access to user resources such as emails and calendars. Unlike standard LLMs answering questions in a controlled ChatBot setting, web agents act "in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jaechul Roh , Eugene Bagdasarian , Hamed Haddadi , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi

Skill ecosystems have emerged as an increasingly important layer in Large Language Model (LLM) agent systems, enabling reusable task packaging, public distribution, and community-driven capability sharing. However, despite their rapid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haichuan Hu , Ye Shang , Quanjun Zhang

Frontier LLMs only recently enabled serviceable, autonomous web agents. At that, a model poses as an instantaneous domain model backend. Ought to suggest interaction, it is consulted with a web-based task and respective application state.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Thassilo M. Schiepanski , Nicholas Piël

Graph-based semi-supervised learning has been shown to be one of the most effective approaches for classification tasks from a wide range of domains, such as image classification and text classification, as they can exploit the connectivity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Wanyu Lin , Zhaolin Gao , Baochun Li

Coding agents produce rich trajectories while solving software-engineering tasks. To enable agent self-evolution, these trajectories can be distilled into reusable procedural skills that compactly encode experience to guide future behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanzhou Li , Yiran Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xiaoxia Liu , Yang Liu

The outstanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) render them a crucial component in various autonomous agent systems. While traditional methods depend on the inherent knowledge of LLMs without fine-tuning, more recent approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhirui Deng , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen , Ruibin Xiong , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen

Current AI-powered code assistance tools often struggle with poorly-defined problem statements that lack sufficient task context and requirements specification. Recent analysis of software engineering agents reveals that failures on such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Manan Suri , Xiangci Li , Mehdi Shojaie , Songyang Han , Chao-Chun Hsu , Shweta Garg , Aniket Anand Deshmukh , Varun Kumar

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making tasks typically requires extensive task-specific knowledge engineering--custom prompts, curated examples, and specialized observation/action spaces. We investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vishnu Sarukkai , Zhiqiang Xie , Kayvon Fatahalian

Time series anomaly detection is critical for supply chain management to take proactive operations, but faces challenges: classical unsupervised anomaly detection based on exploiting data patterns often yields results misaligned with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Haoting Zhang , Shekhar Jain

Agent skills are increasingly used to configure coding agents for software engineering (SE) tasks, yet current practice treats them as static, hand-crafted assets, or evolved on pass rate alone. This is insufficient: a skill can improve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingzhi Gong , Ruizhen Gu , Zhiwei Fei , Yazhuo Cao , Lukas Twist , Alina Geiger , Shuo Han , Dominik Sobania , Federica Sarro , Jie M. Zhang

The rapid integration of Large Language Model (LLM) agents into autonomous task execution has introduced significant privacy concerns within cross-tool data flows. In this paper, we systematically investigate and define a novel risk termed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yixi Lin , Jiangrong Wu , Yuhong Nan , Xueqiang Wang , Xinyuan Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in the software industry, contributing code as collaborators or even autonomous developers. As their presence grows, it becomes important to assess the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Qixing Zhou , Jiacheng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Rui Hao , Jiahe Wang , Minghao Han , Yuxue Yang , Shuzhe Wu , Feiyang Pan , Lue Fan , Dandan Tu , Zhaoxiang Zhang

AI agents, empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and communication protocols such as MCP and A2A, have rapidly evolved from simple chatbots to autonomous entities capable of executing complex, multi-step tasks, demonstrating great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Erhu Feng , Wenbo Zhou , Zibin Liu , Le Chen , Yunpeng Dong , Cheng Zhang , Yisheng Zhao , Dong Du , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Web scraping has historically required technical expertise in HTML parsing, session management, and authentication circumvention, which limited large-scale data extraction to skilled developers. We argue that large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Arth Bhardwaj , Nirav Diwan , Gang Wang

As LLM-based agents increasingly rely on external tools, it is important to evaluate their ability to sustain tool-grounded reasoning beyond familiar workflows and short-range interactions. We introduce AgentEscapeBench, an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhengkang Guo , Yiyang Li , Lin Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xv , Dongyu Ru , Xiaoyu Li , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

LLM-based agents are becoming increasingly capable, yet their safety lags behind. This creates a gap between what agents can do and should do. This gap widens as agents engage in multi-turn interactions and employ diverse tools, introducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xu Li , Simon Yu , Minzhou Pan , Yiyou Sun , Bo Li , Dawn Song , Xue Lin , Weiyan Shi

The meteoric rise and proliferation of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents promise significant capabilities across various domains. However, their deployment is increasingly constrained by substantial computational demands,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manish Bhatt , Ronald F. Del Rosario , Vineeth Sai Narajala , Idan Habler

Clustering software into peer groups based on its apparent functionality allows for simple, intuitive categorization of software that can, in particular, help identify which software uses comparatively more privilege than is necessary to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Suman Jana , Úlfar Erlingsson , Iulia Ion