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In this work, we introduce novel information-theoretic generalization bounds using the conditional $f$-information framework, an extension of the traditional conditional mutual information (MI) framework. We provide a generic approach to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-31 Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao

In this work, we unify several expected generalization error bounds based on random subsets using the framework developed by Hellstr\"om and Durisi [1]. First, we recover the bounds based on the individual sample mutual information from Bu…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Germán Bassi , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning approach that trains machine learning models across multiple devices while keeping their local data private. However, FL often faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dun Zeng , Zheshun Wu , Shiyu Liu , Yu Pan , Xiaoying Tang , Zenglin Xu

Generalization error bounds are critical to understanding the performance of machine learning models. In this work, building upon a new bound of the expected value of an arbitrary function of the population and empirical risk of a learning…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Gholamali Aminian , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

We provide upper bounds of the expected Wasserstein distance between a probability measure and its empirical version, generalizing recent results for finite dimensional Euclidean spaces and bounded functional spaces. Such a generalization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Jing Lei

Federated learning (FL) enables participating parties to collaboratively build a global model with boosted utility without disclosing private data information. Appropriate protection mechanisms have to be adopted to fulfill the requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xiaojin Zhang , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

It has long been thought that high-dimensional data encountered in many practical machine learning tasks have low-dimensional structure, i.e., the manifold hypothesis holds. A natural question, thus, is to estimate the intrinsic dimension…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-01 Adam Block , Zeyu Jia , Yury Polyanskiy , Alexander Rakhlin

We study the generalization error of stochastic learning algorithms from an information-theoretic perspective, with a particular emphasis on deriving sharper bounds for differentially private algorithms. It is well known that the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yanxiao Liu , Chun Hei Michael Shiu , Lele Wang , Deniz Gündüz

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

This paper presents a general methodology for deriving information-theoretic generalization bounds for learning algorithms. The main technical tool is a probabilistic decorrelation lemma based on a change of measure and a relaxation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Yifeng Chu , Maxim Raginsky

Providing generalization guarantees for stochastic optimization algorithms remains a key challenge in learning theory. Recently, numerous works demonstrated the impact of the geometric properties of optimization trajectories on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Mario Tuci , Lennart Bastian , Benjamin Dupuis , Nassir Navab , Tolga Birdal , Umut Şimşekli

The ability of machine learning (ML) algorithms to generalize well to unseen data has been studied through the lens of information theory, by bounding the generalization error with the input-output mutual information (MI), i.e., the MI…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-07 Kimia Nadjahi , Kristjan Greenewald , Rickard Brüel Gabrielsson , Justin Solomon

We prove bounds on the generalization error of convolutional networks. The bounds are in terms of the training loss, the number of parameters, the Lipschitz constant of the loss and the distance from the weights to the initial weights. They…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Philip M. Long , Hanie Sedghi

Federated Learning (FL) has surged in prominence due to its capability of collaborative model training without direct data sharing. However, the vast disparity in local data distributions among clients, often termed the Non-Independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zheshun Wu , Zenglin Xu , Dun Zeng , Qifan Wang , Jie Liu

Existing generalization theories of supervised learning typically take a holistic approach and provide bounds for the expected generalization over the whole data distribution, which implicitly assumes that the model generalizes similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Firas Laakom , Yuheng Bu , Moncef Gabbouj

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively learn a globally shared model through cycles of model aggregation and local model training, without the need to share data. Most existing FL methods train local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Liangxi Liu , Xi Jiang , Feng Zheng , Hong Chen , Guo-Jun Qi , Heng Huang , Ling Shao

In this work, the probability of an event under some joint distribution is bounded by measuring it with the product of the marginals instead (which is typically easier to analyze) together with a measure of the dependence between the two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Amedeo Roberto Esposito , Michael Gastpar , Ibrahim Issa

This paper studies the generalization properties of a recently proposed kernel method, the Random Feature models with Learnable Activation Functions (RFLAF). By applying a data-dependent sampling scheme for generating features, we provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zailin Ma , Jiansheng Yang , Yaodong Yang

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

The Wasserstein distance received a lot of attention recently in the community of machine learning, especially for its principled way of comparing distributions. It has found numerous applications in several hard problems, such as domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Mélanie Ducoffe