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This work discusses how to derive upper bounds for the expected generalisation error of supervised learning algorithms by means of the chaining technique. By developing a general theoretical framework, we establish a duality between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-01 Eugenio Clerico , Amitis Shidani , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

We derive upper bounds on the generalization error of learning algorithms based on their \emph{algorithmic transport cost}: the expected Wasserstein distance between the output hypothesis and the output hypothesis conditioned on an input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-09 Jingwei Zhang , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

We investigate the in-distribution generalization of machine learning algorithms. We depart from traditional complexity-based approaches by analyzing information-theoretic bounds that quantify the dependence between a learning algorithm and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-27 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

Generalization error bounds are essential to understanding machine learning algorithms. This paper presents novel expected generalization error upper bounds based on the average joint distribution between the output hypothesis and each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Gholamali Aminian , Yuheng Bu , Gregory Wornell , Miguel Rodrigues

Federated learning (FL) is a widely adopted privacy-preserving distributed learning framework, yet its generalization performance remains less explored compared to centralized learning. In FL, the generalization error consists of two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Ziqiao Wang , Cheng Long , Yongyi Mao

This work presents several expected generalization error bounds based on the Wasserstein distance. More specifically, it introduces full-dataset, single-letter, and random-subset bounds, and their analogues in the randomized subsample…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-29 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Germán Bassi , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

Almost all existing hierarchical federated learning (FL) models are limited to two aggregation layers, restricting scalability and flexibility in complex, large-scale networks. In this work, we propose a Multi-Layer Hierarchical Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi , Carlo Fischione

We derive generalization error bounds for the training of two-layer neural networks without assuming boundedness of the loss function, using Wasserstein distance estimates on the discrepancy between a probability distribution and its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Jiang Yu Nguwi , Nicolas Privault

Federated Learning (FL) typically aggregates client model parameters using a weighting approach determined by sample proportions. However, this naive weighting method may lead to unfairness and degradation in model performance due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Mingwei Xu , Xiaofeng Cao , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok

We consider information-theoretic bounds on expected generalization error for statistical learning problems in a networked setting. In this setting, there are $K$ nodes, each with its own independent dataset, and the models from each node…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 L. P. Barnes , Alex Dytso , H. V. Poor

This paper focuses on Bayesian inference in a federated learning context (FL). While several distributed MCMC algorithms have been proposed, few consider the specific limitations of FL such as communication bottlenecks and statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-02 Vincent Plassier , Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines

An information-theoretic upper bound on the generalization error of supervised learning algorithms is derived. The bound is constructed in terms of the mutual information between each individual training sample and the output of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Yuheng Bu , Shaofeng Zou , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Many learning paradigms self-select training data in light of previously learned parameters. Examples include active learning, semi-supervised learning, bandits, or boosting. Rodemann et al. (2024) unify them under the framework of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Julian Rodemann , James Bailie

In federated learning, participating clients typically possess non-i.i.d. data, posing a significant challenge to generalization to unseen distributions. To address this, we propose a Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization scheme…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Tung-Anh Nguyen , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Long Tan Le , Canh T. Dinh , Nguyen H. Tran

Minimising upper bounds on the population risk or the generalisation gap has been widely used in structural risk minimisation (SRM) -- this is in particular at the core of PAC-Bayesian learning. Despite its successes and unfailing surge of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-30 Paul Viallard , Maxime Haddouche , Umut Şimşekli , Benjamin Guedj

Deep neural networks often generalize well despite heavy over-parameterization, challenging classical parameter-based analyses. We study generalization from a representation-centric perspective and analyze how the geometry of learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Junjie Yu , Zhuoli Ouyang , Haotian Deng , Chen Wei , Wenxiao Ma , Jianyu Zhang , Zihan Deng , Quanying Liu

Most personalised federated learning (FL) approaches assume that raw data of all clients are defined in a common subspace i.e. all clients store their data according to the same schema. For real-world applications, this assumption is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Maxime Vono , Hamlet Jesse Medina Ruiz , Liva Ralaivola

Established approaches to obtain generalization bounds in data-driven optimization and machine learning mostly build on solutions from empirical risk minimization (ERM), which depend crucially on the functional complexity of the hypothesis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-14 Yibo Zeng , Henry Lam

We establish a general, non-asymptotic error analysis framework for understanding the effects of incremental approximations made by practical approaches for Bayesian sequential learning (BSL) on their long-term inference performance. Our…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Liliang Wang , Alex A. Gorodetsky

Motivated by the learned iterative soft thresholding algorithm (LISTA), we introduce a general class of neural networks suitable for sparse reconstruction from few linear measurements. By allowing a wide range of degrees of weight-sharing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ekkehard Schnoor , Arash Behboodi , Holger Rauhut
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