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In recent years, neural network based methods have been proposed as a method that cangenerate representations from music, but they are not human readable and hardly analyzable oreditable by a human. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-29 Jinsung Kim , Yeong-Seok Jeong , Woosung Choi , Jaehwa Chung , Soonyoung Jung

Traditional transformer-based semantic segmentation relies on quantized embeddings. However, our analysis reveals that autoencoder accuracy on segmentation mask using quantized embeddings (e.g. VQ-VAE) is 8% lower than continuous-valued…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Masud Ahmed , Zahid Hasan , Syed Arefinul Haque , Abu Zaher Md Faridee , Sanjay Purushotham , Suya You , Nirmalya Roy

Conventional class-guided diffusion models generally succeed in generating images with correct semantic content, but often struggle with texture details. This limitation stems from the usage of class priors, which only provide coarse and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xiaoyu Yue , Zidong Wang , Zeyu Lu , Shuyang Sun , Meng Wei , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Luping Zhou

Vector quantization (VQ) transforms continuous image features into discrete representations, providing compressed, tokenized inputs for generative models. However, VQ-based frameworks suffer from several issues, such as non-smooth latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sicheng Yang , Xing Hu , Qiang Wu , Dawei Yang

Existing autoregressive models follow the two-stage generation paradigm that first learns a codebook in the latent space for image reconstruction and then completes the image generation autoregressively based on the learned codebook.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mengqi Huang , Zhendong Mao , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang

Deep generative diffusion models are a promising avenue for 3D de novo molecular design in materials science and drug discovery. However, their utility is still limited by suboptimal performance on large molecular structures and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Tuan Le , Julian Cremer , Frank Noé , Djork-Arné Clevert , Kristof Schütt

By embedding discrete representations into a continuous latent space, we can leverage continuous-space latent diffusion models to handle generative modeling of discrete data. However, despite their initial success, most latent diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Bac Nguyen , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Toshimitsu Uesaka , Stefano Ermon , Yuki Mitsufuji

Image generative models can learn the distributions of the training data and consequently generate examples by sampling from these distributions. However, when the training dataset is corrupted with outliers, generative models will likely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Chieh-Hsin Lai , Dongmian Zou , Gilad Lerman

Few-shot font generation is challenging, as it needs to capture the fine-grained stroke styles from a limited set of reference glyphs, and then transfer to other characters, which are expected to have similar styles. However, due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mingshuai Yao , Yabo Zhang , Xianhui Lin , Xiaoming Li , Wangmeng Zuo

De novo molecular generation from tandem mass spectra is a challenging inverse problem whose core difficulty lies in the circular dependency between atom-level and bond-level reasoning: determining a bond's type requires knowing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xujun Che , Xiuxia Du , Depeng Xu

In this paper we demonstrate methods for reliable and efficient training of discrete representation using Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder models (VQ-VAEs). Discrete latent variable models have been shown to learn nontrivial…

Constructing a compressed latent space through a variational autoencoder (VAE) is the key for efficient 3D diffusion models. This paper introduces COD-VAE that encodes 3D shapes into a COmpact set of 1D latent vectors without sacrificing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 In Cho , Youngbeom Yoo , Subin Jeon , Seon Joo Kim

This work introduces Semantically Masked Vector Quantized Generative Adversarial Network (SQ-GAN), a novel approach integrating semantically driven image coding and vector quantization to optimize image compression for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Francesco Pezone , Sergio Barbarossa , Giuseppe Caire

Recently, molecule generation using deep learning has been actively investigated in drug discovery. In this field, Transformer and VAE are widely used as powerful models, but they are rarely used in combination due to structural and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-08 Yasuhiro Yoshikai , Tadahaya Mizuno , Shumpei Nemoto , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

The de novo design of drug molecules is recognized as a time-consuming and costly process, and computational approaches have been applied in each stage of the drug discovery pipeline. Variational autoencoder is one of the computer-aided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Junde Li , Swaroop Ghosh

Deep neural networks with discrete latent variables offer the promise of better symbolic reasoning, and learning abstractions that are more useful to new tasks. There has been a surge in interest in discrete latent variable models, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Aurko Roy , Ashish Vaswani , Arvind Neelakantan , Niki Parmar

Three-dimensional molecular generators based on diffusion models can now reach near-crystallographic accuracy, yet they remain fragmented across tasks. SMILES-only inputs, two-stage pretrain-finetune pipelines, and one-task-one-model…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-11 Dong Xu , Zhangfan Yang , Sisi Yuan , Jenna Xinyi Yao , Jiangqiang Li , Junkai Ji

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are fundamental to modern generative modeling, yet they often suffer from training instability and "codebook collapse" due to the inherent coupling of representation learning and discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Linwei Zhai , Han Ding , Mingzhi Lin , Cui Zhao , Fei Wang , Ge Wang , Wang Zhi , Wei Xi

Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAE)[1] provide an unsupervised model for learning discrete representations by combining vector quantization and autoencoders. In this paper, we study the use of VQ-VAE for representation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-05 Hanwei Wu , Markus Flierl

Although two-stage Vector Quantized (VQ) generative models allow for synthesizing high-fidelity and high-resolution images, their quantization operator encodes similar patches within an image into the same index, resulting in a repeated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Chuanxia Zheng , Long Tung Vuong , Jianfei Cai , Dinh Phung