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Mainframe operating systems, despite their inception in the 1940s, continue to support critical sectors like finance and government. However, these systems are often viewed as outdated, requiring extensive maintenance and modernization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Anh T. V. Dau , Hieu Trung Dao , Anh Tuan Nguyen , Hieu Trung Tran , Phong X. Nguyen , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publicly available hardware description…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Touseef Hasan , Blessing Airehenbuwa , Nitin Pundir , Souvika Sarkar , Ujjwal Guin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive ability for open-domain NLP tasks. However, LLMs are sometimes too footloose for natural language understanding (NLU) tasks which always have restricted output and input format. Their…

Existing benchmarks for evaluating the security risks and capabilities (e.g., vulnerability detection) of code-generating large language models (LLMs) face several key limitations: (1) limited coverage of risk and capabilities; (2) reliance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuzhou Nie , Zhun Wang , Yu Yang , Ruizhe Jiang , Yuheng Tang , Xander Davies , Yarin Gal , Bo Li , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

The power grid is a critical infrastructure essential for public safety and welfare. As its reliance on digital technologies grows, so do its vulnerabilities to sophisticated cyber threats, which could severely disrupt operations. Effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Omer Sen , Bozhidar Ivanov , Christian Kloos , Christoph Zol_ , Philipp Lutat , Martin Henze , Andreas Ulbig

The rise of big data systems has created a need for benchmarks to measure and compare the capabilities of these systems. Big data benchmarks present unique scalability challenges. The supercomputing community has wrestled with these…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Patrick Dreher , Chansup Byun , Chris Hill , Vijay Gadepally , Bradley Kuszmaul , Jeremy Kepner

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Binary analysis remains pivotal in software security, offering insights into compiled programs without source code access. As large language models (LLMs) continue to excel in diverse language understanding and generation tasks, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiuwei Shang , Guoqiang Chen , Shaoyin Cheng , Benlong Wu , Li Hu , Gangyang Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is central to modern cybersecurity, providing critical insights for detecting and mitigating evolving threats. With the natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yutong Cheng , Yang Liu , Changze Li , Dawn Song , Peng Gao

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports document observations of cyber threats, synthesizing evidence about adversaries' actions and intent into actionable knowledge that informs detection, response, and defense planning. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haokai Ma , Javier Yong , Yunshan Ma , Kuei Chen , Anis Yusof , Zhenkai Liang , Ee-Chien Chang

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) in large enterprises can generate hundreds of thousands of alerts per hour, overwhelming analysts with logs requiring rapidly evolving expertise. Conventional machine-learning detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Francesco Blefari , Cristian Cosentino , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro , Fabrizio Marozzo

We present Tongyi DeepResearch, an agentic large language model, which is specifically designed for long-horizon, deep information-seeking research tasks. To incentivize autonomous deep research agency, Tongyi DeepResearch is developed…

The evaluation of large language models is an essential task in the field of language understanding and generation. As language models continue to advance, the need for effective benchmarks to assess their performance has become imperative.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Chan-Jan Hsu , Chang-Le Liu , Feng-Ting Liao , Po-Chun Hsu , Yi-Chang Chen , Da-shan Shiu

Penetration testing, a critical component of cybersecurity, typically requires extensive time and effort to find vulnerabilities. Beginners in this field often benefit from collaborative approaches with the community or experts. To address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Derry Pratama , Naufal Suryanto , Andro Aprila Adiputra , Thi-Thu-Huong Le , Ahmada Yusril Kadiptya , Muhammad Iqbal , Howon Kim

As transformer-based large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate society, they have revolutionized domains such as software engineering, creative writing, and digital arts. However, their adoption in cybersecurity remains limited due…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) synergizes the retrieval of pertinent data with the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring that the generated output is not only contextually relevant but also accurate and…

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors has marked a transformative era, showcasing remarkable capabilities in text generation and problem-solving tasks. However, this technological advancement is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rahul Pankajakshan , Sumitra Biswal , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Gilad Gressel

Safety lies at the core of developing and deploying large language models (LLMs). However, previous safety benchmarks only concern the safety in one language, e.g. the majority language in the pretraining data such as English. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenxuan Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Chang Chen , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Wenxiang Jiao , Michael R. Lyu

The increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced text generation, but the human-like quality of LLM outputs presents major challenges in reliably distinguishing between human-authored and LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhen Tao , Yanfang Chen , Dinghao Xi , Zhiyu Li , Wei Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality text and making predictions based on large amounts of data, including the media domain. However, in practical applications, the differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Zhonghao Wang , Zijia Lu , Bo Jin , Haiying Deng