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Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are a class of powerful and versatile models that are beneficial to many industries. With the emergence of LLMs, we take a fresh look at cyber security, specifically exploring and summarizing the potential of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Dinil Mon Divakaran , Sai Teja Peddinti

Large language models respond well in high-resource languages like English but struggle in low-resource languages. It may arise from the lack of high-quality instruction following data in these languages. Directly translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chong Li , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Jinliang Lu , Shaonan Wang , Chengqing Zong

Digital services have been offered through remote systems for decades. The questions of how these systems can be built in a trustworthy manner and how their security properties can be understood are given fresh impetus by recent hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Kubilay Ahmet Küçük , Andrew Martin

Instruction Tuning on Large Language Models is an essential process for model to function well and achieve high performance in specific tasks. Accordingly, in mainstream languages such as English, instruction-based datasets are being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Dongjun Jang , Sungjoo Byun , Hyemi Jo , Hyopil Shin

Large language models (LLMs) are possessed of numerous beneficial capabilities, yet their potential inclination harbors unpredictable risks that may materialize in the future. We hence propose CRiskEval, a Chinese dataset meticulously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ling Shi , Deyi Xiong

This paper addresses the urgent need for a cybersecurity framework tailored to quantum communication systems as the world transitions to quantum-safe infrastructures. While quantum communication promises unbreakable security, real-world…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Michal Krelina , Tom Sorger , Bob Dirks

The exponential growth of cyber threat knowledge, exemplified by the expansion of databases such as MITRE-CVE and NVD, poses significant challenges for cyber threat analysis. Security professionals are increasingly burdened by the sheer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Qiben Yan , Jiyong Jang , Sicheng Mao , Muchao Ye , Jinyuan Jia , Zhaohan Xi

Reinforcement learning (RL) with large language models shows promise in complex reasoning. However, its progress is hindered by the lack of large-scale training data that is sufficiently challenging, contamination-free and verifiable. To…

We present MultiBreak, a scalable and diverse multi-turn jailbreak benchmark to evaluate large language model (LLM) safety. Multi-turn jailbreaks mimic natural conversational settings, making them easier to bypass safety-aligned LLM than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jialin Song , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Wuyang Chen , Mingqian Feng , Xuekai Zhu , Jianfeng Gao

Modeling sequence evolution on phylogenetic trees is a useful technique in computational biology. Especially powerful are models which take account of the heterogeneous nature of sequence evolution according to the "grammar" of the encoded…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-04 Oscar Westesson , Ian Holmes

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success across many domains, yet their integration into cybersecurity applications remains limited due to a lack of general-purpose cybersecurity data, representational complexity, and…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a double-edged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zishan Guo , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Yufei Huang , Dan Shi , Supryadi , Linhao Yu , Yan Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Bojian Xiong , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into safety-critical workflows, yet existing security analyses remain fragmented and often isolate model behavior from the broader system context. This work introduces a goal-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi

Recently, both closed-source LLMs and open-source communities have made significant strides, outperforming humans in various general domains. However, their performance in specific professional domains such as medicine, especially within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Lulu Zhao , Weihao Zeng , Xiaofeng Shi , Hua Zhou

In the rapidly evolving landscape of software engineering, the demand for robust and secure systems has become increasingly critical. This is especially true for self-adaptive systems due to their complexity and the dynamic environments in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Irdin Pekaric , Raffaela Groner , Alexander Raschke , Thomas Witte , Jubril Gbolahan Adigun , Michael Felderer , Matthias Tichy

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Large Language Models are rapidly becoming core components of modern software development workflows, yet ensuring code security remains challenging. Existing vulnerability detection pipelines either rely on static analyzers or use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weichen Yu , Ravi Mangal , Yinyi Luo , Kai Hu , Jingxuan He , Corina S. Pasareanu , Matt Fredrikson

Large language models have exhibited exceptional performance on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, leveraging techniques such as the pre-training, and instruction fine-tuning. Despite these advances, their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Guangyu Wang , Guoxing Yang , Zongxin Du , Longjun Fan , Xiaohu Li