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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals complex brain functional networks with hierarchical topologies crucial for cognitive processing. Standard Euclidean Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often struggle to represent these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Junhao Jia , Yunyou Liu , Cheng Yang , Yifei Sun , Feiwei Qin , Changmiao Wang , Yong Peng

Neural implicit surface reconstruction with signed distance function has made significant progress, but recovering fine details such as thin structures and complex geometries remains challenging due to unreliable or noisy geometric priors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Qiyu Feng , Jiwei Shan , Shing Shin Cheng , Hesheng Wang

Brain--computer interfaces are groundbreaking technology whereby brain signals are used to control external devices. Despite some advances in recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor-imagery tasks face challenges, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jianchao Lu , Yuzhe Tian , Yang Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Xi Zheng

Brain--computer interfaces are groundbreaking technology whereby brain signals are used to control external devices. Despite some advances in recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor-imagery tasks face challenges, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jianchao Lu , Yuzhe Tian , Yang Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Xi Zheng

Electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging aims to reconstruct the spatial distribution of neural activity within the brain from non-invasive scalp measurements. This inverse problem is severely ill-posed due to the low spatial resolution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Joonas Lahtinen , Alexandra Koulouri

Subcortical structures play a critical role in brain function. However, options for assessing electrophysiological activity in these structures are limited. Electromagnetic fields generated by neuronal activity in subcortical structures can…

Invasive intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) or electrocorticography (ECoG) measures electric potential directly on the surface of the brain and can be used to inform treatment planning for epilepsy surgery. Combined with numerical…

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

MEG/EEG are non-invasive imaging techniques that record brain activity with high temporal resolution. However, estimation of brain source currents from surface recordings requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Converging lines of…

In recent years, multiple noninvasive imaging modalities have been used to develop a better understanding of the human brain functionality, including positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and functional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-18 Shiva Asadzadeh , Tohid Yousefi Rezaii , Soosan Beheshti , Azra Delpak , Saeed Meshgini

To handle the scarcity and heterogeneity of electroencephalography (EEG) data for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) tasks, and to harness the power of large publicly available data sets, we propose Neuro-GPT, a foundation model consisting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenhui Cui , Woojae Jeong , Philipp Thölke , Takfarinas Medani , Karim Jerbi , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy

Electroencephalography (EEG) data present unique modeling challenges because recordings vary in length, exhibit very low signal to noise ratios, differ significantly across participants, drift over time within sessions, and are rarely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Shahar Ain Kedem , Itamar Zimerman , Eliya Nachmani

EEG Source localization is a critical tool in neuroscience, with applications ranging from epilepsy diagnosis to cognitive research. It involves solving an ill-posed inverse problem that lacks a unique solution unless constrained by prior…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Dilshanie Prasikala , Joonas Lahtinen , Alexandra Koulouri , Sampsa Pursiainen

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Reconstructing accurate surfaces from sparse multi-view images remains challenging due to severe geometric ambiguity and occlusions. Existing generalizable neural surface reconstruction methods primarily rely on cost volumes that summarize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinhai Chang , Kaichen Zhou

We study source localization from high dimensional M/EEG data by extending a multiscale method based on Entropic inference devised to increase the spatial resolution of inverse problems. This method is used to construct informative prior…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-02-13 Leonardo S. Barbosa , Nestor Caticha

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common tool used to understand brain activities. The data are typically obtained by placing electrodes at the surface of the scalp and recording the oscillations of currents passing through the electrodes.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Eddy Kwessi , Lloyd Edwards

Graph convolution operators bring the advantages of deep learning to a variety of graph and mesh processing tasks previously deemed out of reach. With their continued success comes the desire to design more powerful architectures, often by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Shunwang Gong , Mehdi Bahri , Michael M. Bronstein , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalogra-phy (EEG) are non-invasive modalities that measure the weak electromagnetic fields generated by neural activity. Inferring the location of the current sources that generated these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-14 Hicham Janati , Thomas Bazeille , Bertrand Thirion , Marco Cuturi , Alexandre Gramfort

Source analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) data requires the computation of the scalp potential induced by current sources in the brain. This so-called EEG forward problem is based on an accurate estimation of the volume conduction…