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The growing demand for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, including laptops, smartphones, and embedded platforms, has exposed fundamental inefficiencies in existing accelerators. While GPUs handle prefill workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinane Bazzi , Mariam Rakka , Fadi Kurdahi , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have spotlighted the pressing need for computing architectures that bridge the gap between memory bandwidth and processing power. The advent of deep neural networks has pushed traditional Von Neumann…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Febin Sunny , Amin Shafiee , Abhishek Balasubramaniam , Mahdi Nikdast , Sudeep Pasricha

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) continue to grow in complexity with Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporating vast numbers of parameters. Handling these parameters efficiently in traditional accelerators is limited by data-transmission…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Swastik Bhattacharya , Sanjay Das , Anand Menon , Shamik Kundu , Arnab Raha , Kanad Basu

In recent years, various computing-in-memory (CIM) processors have been presented, showing superior performance over traditional architectures. To unleash the potential of various CIM architectures, such as device precision, crossbar size,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Songyun Qu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Yintao He , Xuyi Cai , Lei Zhang , Ying Wang

Compute-in-memory (CIM) techniques are widely employed in energy-efficient artificial intelligent (AI) processors. They alleviate power and latency bottlenecks caused by extensive data movements between compute and storage units. To extend…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianyi Yu , Tengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Wang , Xiang Fu , Fei Qiao , Ying Wang , Rui Yuan , Liyuan Liu , Cong Shi

The 3D point cloud perception has emerged as a fundamental role for a wide range of applications. In particular, with the rapid development of neural networks, the voxel-based networks attract great attention due to their excellent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xipeng Lin , Shanshi Huang , Hongwu Jiang

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) computation systems face challenges, primarily from the memory-wall issue, limiting overall system-level performance, especially for Edge devices with constrained battery budgets, such as smartphones,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Lucas Huijbregts , Liu Hsiao-Hsuan , Paul Detterer , Said Hamdioui , Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Rajendra Bishnoi

Processing in-memory (PIM) is promising to accelerate neural networks (NNs) because it minimizes data movement and provides large computational parallelism. Similar to machine learning accelerators, application mapping, which determines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xuan Wang , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

Computing-in-memory (CIM) has attracted significant attentions in recent years due to its massive parallelism and low power consumption. However, current CIM designs suffer from large area overhead of small CIM macros and bad programmablity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Shu-Hung Kuo , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Processing-in-memory (PIM) seeks to eliminate computation/memory data transfer using devices that support both storage and logic. Stateful logic techniques such as IMPLY, MAGIC and FELIX can perform logic gates within memristive crossbar…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Computation in-memory is a promising non-von Neumann approach aiming at completely diminishing the data transfer to and from the memory subsystem. Although a lot of architectures have been proposed, compiler support for such architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Kanishkan Vadivel , Lorenzo Chelini , Ali BanaGozar , Gagandeep Singh , Stefano Corda , Roel Jordans , Henk Corporaal

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows direct computations on encrypted data. Despite numerous research efforts, the practicality of HE schemes remains to be demonstrated. In this regard, the enormous size of ciphertexts involved in HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Dayane Reis , Jonathan Takeshita , Taeho Jung , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

This paper presents a novel approach for performing computations using Look-Up Tables (LUTs) tailored specifically for Compute-in-Memory applications. The aim is to address the scalability challenges associated with LUT-based computation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Peyman Dehghanzadeh , Baibhab Chatterjee , Swarup Bhunia

Multimodal Transformers are emerging artificial intelligence (AI) models designed to process a mixture of signals from diverse modalities. Digital computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures are considered promising for achieving high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shantian Qin , Ziqing Qiang , Zhihua Fan , Wenming Li , Xuejun An , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

Binary matrix-vector multiplication (BMVM) is a key operation in post-quantum cryptography schemes like the Classic McEliece cryptosystem. Conventional computing architectures incur significant energy efficiency loss due to data movement of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hao Yue , Yihao Chen , Tianhang Liang , Xiangrui Li , Xin Kong , Zhelong Jiang , Zhigang Li , Gang Chen , Huaxiang Lu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

The increasing prevalence and growing size of data in modern applications have led to high costs for computation in traditional processor-centric computing systems. Moving large volumes of data between memory devices (e.g., DRAM) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Juan Gómez-Luna , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising computing paradigm to tackle the "memory wall" challenge. However, PIM system-level benefits over traditional von Neumann architecture can be reduced when the memory array cannot fully store all the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peilin Chen , Xiaoxuan Yang