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Music is a structured and perceptually rich sequence of sounds in time, whose perception is shaped by the interplay of expectation and uncertainty about what comes next. Yet the uncertainty we infer from music depends on how the musical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-12 Lluc Bono Rosselló , Robert Jankowski , Hugues Bersini , Marián Boguñá , M. Ángeles Serrano

In this paper I want to suggest a new solution to the problem of musical tuning. On one hand, I see it as a generalization of Just Intonation (JI) to inharmonic timbers, on another, as a unification of spectral interference and harmonicity…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Vsevolod Vladimirovich Deriushkin

We propose a novel method to model hierarchical metrical structures for both symbolic music and audio signals in a self-supervised manner with minimal domain knowledge. The model trains and inferences on beat-aligned music signals and…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Junyan Jiang , Gus Xia

Music contains hierarchical structures beyond beats and measures. While hierarchical structure annotations are helpful for music information retrieval and computer musicology, such annotations are scarce in current digital music databases.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Yixiao Zhang , Gus Xia

Automatic melody generation for pop music has been a long-time aspiration for both AI researchers and musicians. However, learning to generate euphonious melody has turned out to be highly challenging due to a number of factors.…

In this paper, we present a novel state of the art system for automatic downbeat tracking from music signals. The audio signal is first segmented in frames which are synchronized at the tatum level of the music. We then extract different…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-05-27 S. Durand , J. P. Bello , B. David , G. Richard

We propose Beat Transformer, a novel Transformer encoder architecture for joint beat and downbeat tracking. Different from previous models that track beats solely based on the spectrogram of an audio mixture, our model deals with demixed…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Jingwei Zhao , Gus Xia , Ye Wang

Music holds a significant cultural role in social identity and in the encouragement of socialization. Technology, by the destruction of physical and cultural distance, has lead to many changes in musical themes and the complete loss of…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Munir Makhmutov , Joseph Alexander Brown , Manuel Mazzara , Leonard Johard

A key aspect of machine learning models lies in their ability to learn efficient intermediate features. However, the input representation plays a crucial role in this process, and polyphonic musical scores remain a particularly complex type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Mathieu Prang , Philippe Esling

Even with strong sequence models like Transformers, generating expressive piano performances with long-range musical structures remains challenging. Meanwhile, methods to compose well-structured melodies or lead sheets (melody + chords),…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Shih-Lun Wu , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Automatic movie trailer generation must select shots from a full-length film and synchronize them with background music. Existing methods either relegate music alignment to post-processing or enforce rigid one-to-one shot-music mappings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yutong Wang , Yunke Wang , Xinyuan Chen , Chang Xu

Embedding acoustic information into fixed length representations is of interest for a whole range of applications in speech and audio technology. Two novel unsupervised approaches to generate acoustic embeddings by modelling of acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Yanpei Shi , Thomas Hain

Emotion-driven melody harmonization aims to generate diverse harmonies for a single melody to convey desired emotions. Previous research found it hard to alter the perceived emotional valence of lead sheets only by harmonizing the same…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Jingyue Huang , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Many music AI models learn a map between music content and human-defined labels. However, many annotations, such as chords, can be naturally expressed within the music modality itself, e.g., as sequences of symbolic notes. This observation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Liwei Lin , Xuanjie Liu , Gus Xia

Quantitative analysis of commonalities and differences between recorded music performances is an increasingly common task in computational musicology. A typical scenario involves manual annotation of different recordings of the same piece…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Thassilo Gadermaier , Gerhard Widmer

Deep learning approaches for beat and downbeat tracking have brought advancements. However, these approaches continue to rely on hand-crafted, subsampled spectral features as input, restricting the information available to the model. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-05 Christian J. Steinmetz , Joshua D. Reiss

Music is characterized by complex hierarchical structures. Developing a comprehensive model to capture these structures has been a significant challenge in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Prior research has mainly focused on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Taejun Kim , Juhan Nam

Tokenization - the practice of converting strings of characters from an alphabet into sequences of tokens over a vocabulary - is a critical step in the NLP pipeline. The use of token representations is widely credited with increased model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Juan Luis Gastaldi , John Terilla , Luca Malagutti , Brian DuSell , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell

While important advances were recently made towards temporally localizing and recognizing specific human actions or activities in videos, efficient detection and classification of long video chunks belonging to semantically defined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-08-18 Danila Potapov , Matthijs Douze , Jerome Revaud , Zaid Harchaoui , Cordelia Schmid

This paper presents an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that identifies recurring patterns -- referred to as ``music-words'' -- from symbolic music data. These patterns are fundamental to musical structure and reflect the cognitive…

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