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Evaluating language models fairly is increasingly difficult as static benchmarks risk contamination by training data, obscuring whether models truly reason or recall. We introduce BeyondBench, an evaluation framework using algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Zhenyu Bi , Swastik Roy , Priya Pitre , Meng Lu , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains. Notably, in the realm of robot task planning, LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension…

As generative large model capabilities advance, safety concerns become more pronounced in their outputs. To ensure the sustainable growth of the AI ecosystem, it's imperative to undertake a holistic evaluation and refinement of associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiawen Deng , Jiale Cheng , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Minlie Huang

Language modelling provides a step towards intelligent communication systems by harnessing large repositories of written human knowledge to better predict and understand the world. In this paper, we present an analysis of Transformer-based…

We find that existing language modeling datasets contain many near-duplicate examples and long repetitive substrings. As a result, over 1% of the unprompted output of language models trained on these datasets is copied verbatim from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Katherine Lee , Daphne Ippolito , Andrew Nystrom , Chiyuan Zhang , Douglas Eck , Chris Callison-Burch , Nicholas Carlini

Assessing the capabilities and risks of frontier AI systems is a critical area of research, and recent work has shown that repeated sampling from models can dramatically increase both. For instance, repeated sampling has been shown to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Joshua Kazdan , Rylan Schaeffer , Youssef Allouah , Colin Sullivan , Kyssen Yu , Noam Levi , Sanmi Koyejo

As robots become increasingly capable, users will want to describe high-level missions and have robots infer the relevant details. Because pre-built maps are difficult to obtain in many realistic settings, accomplishing such missions will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zachary Ravichandran , Varun Murali , Mariliza Tzes , George J. Pappas , Vijay Kumar

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Sinong Simon Zhan , Chengtian Lang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Standard language model evaluations can fail to capture risks that emerge only at deployment scale. For example, a model may produce safe responses during a small-scale beta test, yet reveal dangerous information when processing billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Erik Jones , Meg Tong , Jesse Mu , Mohammed Mahfoud , Jan Leike , Roger Grosse , Jared Kaplan , William Fithian , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

Providing effective feedback is important for student learning in programming problem-solving. In this sense, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools to automate feedback generation. However, their reliability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Priscylla Silva , Evandro Costa

Recent work has demonstrated the plausibility of frontier AI models scheming -- knowingly and covertly pursuing an objective misaligned with its developer's intentions. Such behavior could be very hard to detect, and if present in future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Mary Phuong , Roland S. Zimmermann , Ziyue Wang , David Lindner , Victoria Krakovna , Sarah Cogan , Allan Dafoe , Lewis Ho , Rohin Shah

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of promising capabilities -- from step-by-step planning to commonsense reasoning -- that may provide utility for robots, but remain prone to confidently hallucinated predictions. In this…

Robust planning in interactive scenarios requires predicting the uncertain future to make risk-aware decisions. Unfortunately, due to long-tail safety-critical events, the risk is often under-estimated by finite-sampling approximations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Haruki Nishimura , Jean Mercat , Blake Wulfe , Rowan McAllister , Adrien Gaidon

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is primarily evaluated under open-ended generation, where models can mitigate risk by refusing to respond. In contrast, many real-world applications place LLMs in structured decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuheng Chen , Zhiyu Wu , Bowen Cheng , Tetsuro Takahashi

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in everyday decision-making, their safety responsibilities extend beyond reacting to explicit harmful intent toward anticipating unintended but consequential risks. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xuan Luo , Yubin Chen , Zhiyu Hou , Linpu Yu , Geng Tu , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu

Transformer-based language models for automatic code completion have shown great promise so far, yet the evaluation of these models rarely uses real data. This study provides both quantitative and qualitative assessments of three public…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Maliheh Izadi , Jonathan Katzy , Tim van Dam , Marc Otten , Razvan Mihai Popescu , Arie van Deursen

Over the last decade, the use of robots in production and daily life has increased. With increasingly complex tasks and interaction in different environments including humans, robots are required a higher level of autonomy for efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Daniele Meli , Hirenkumar Nakawala , Paolo Fiorini

Recently an influx of studies claim emergent cognitive abilities in large language models (LLMs). Yet, most rely on anecdotes, overlook contamination of training sets, or lack systematic Evaluation involving multiple tasks, control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Ida Momennejad , Hosein Hasanbeig , Felipe Vieira , Hiteshi Sharma , Robert Osazuwa Ness , Nebojsa Jojic , Hamid Palangi , Jonathan Larson

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised growing concerns about their misuse risks and associated safety issues. While prior studies have examined the safety of LLMs in general usage, code generation, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Haoran Gu , Handing Wang , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang , Yaochu Jin
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