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Single-turn benchmarks such as AnimalHarmBench (AHB) have established important baselines for measuring animal welfare alignment in large language models (LLMs), but they miss a critical failure mode: models that respond appropriately when…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Allen Lu , Isabella Luong , Joyee Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Value alignment is central to the development of safe and socially compatible artificial intelligence. However, how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent and enact human values in real-world decision contexts remains under-explored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jen-tse Huang , Jiantong Qin , Xueli Qiu , Sharon Levy , Michelle R. Kaufman , Mark Dredze

AI companionship, where users develop emotional bonds with AI systems, has emerged as a significant pattern with positive but also concerning implications. We introduce Interactions and Machine Attachment Benchmark (INTIMA), a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lucie-Aimée Kaffee , Giada Pistilli , Yacine Jernite

Fine-tuning lets practitioners repurpose aligned large language models (LLMs) for new domains, yet recent work reveals emergent misalignment (EMA): Even a small, domain-specific fine-tune can induce harmful behaviors far outside the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 David Kaczér , Magnus Jørgenvåg , Clemens Vetter , Esha Afzal , Robin Haselhorst , Lucie Flek , Florian Mai

The improvement of LLMs' instruction-following capabilities relies heavily on the availability of high-quality instruction-response pairs. Unfortunately, the current methods used to collect the pairs suffer from either unaffordable labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yongrui Chen , Haiyun Jiang , Xinting Huang , Shuming Shi , Guilin Qi

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) alignment aims to investigate whether AI technologies align with human interests and values and function in a safe and ethical manner. AI alignment is particularly relevant for large language models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

In recent years, instruction-tuned Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have been successful at several tasks, including image captioning and visual question answering; yet leveraging these models remains an open question for robotics. Prior LMMs…

Instruction tuning is a standard technique employed to align large language models to end tasks and user preferences after the initial pretraining phase. Recent research indicates the critical role of data engineering in instruction tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Liu , Weihao Zeng , Keqing He , Yong Jiang , Junxian He

Multi-animal pose estimation is essential for studying animals' social behaviors in neuroscience and neuroethology. Advanced approaches have been proposed to support multi-animal estimation and achieve state-of-the-art performance. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Ari Blau , Christoph Gebhardt , Andres Bendesky , Liam Paninski , Anqi Wu

Instruction tuning has empowered large language models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable performance, yet its success heavily depends on the availability of large-scale, high-quality instruction-response pairs. To meet this demand, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Fanyi Yang , Jianfeng Liu , Xin Zhang , Haoyu Liu , Xixin Cao , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Recent approaches to large language model (LLM) alignment typically require millions of human annotations or rely on external aligned models for synthetic data generation. This paper introduces ALMA: Alignment with Minimal Annotation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Michihiro Yasunaga , Leonid Shamis , Chunting Zhou , Andrew Cohen , Jason Weston , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as LLaVA-series models, are driven by massive machine-generated instruction-following data tuning. Such automatic instruction collection pipelines, however, inadvertently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hongzhe Huang , Jiang Liu , Zhewen Yu , Li Cai , Dian Jiao , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li , Hao Jiang , Haoyuan Li , Yueting Zhuang

Our society is governed by a set of norms which together bring about the values we cherish such as safety, fairness or trustworthiness. The goal of value-alignment is to create agents that not only do their tasks but through their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Kryspin Varys , Federico Cerutti , Adam Sobey , Timothy J. Norman

Language models often misinterpret human intentions due to their handling of ambiguity, a limitation well-recognized in NLP research. While morally clear scenarios are more discernible to LLMs, greater difficulty is encountered in morally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Pranav Senthilkumar , Visshwa Balasubramanian , Prisha Jain , Aneesa Maity , Jonathan Lu , Kevin Zhu

The critical inquiry pervading the realm of Philosophy, and perhaps extending its influence across all Humanities disciplines, revolves around the intricacies of morality and normativity. Surprisingly, in recent years, this thematic thread…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nicholas Kluge Corrêa

Evaluating alignment in language models requires testing how they behave under realistic pressure, not just what they claim they would do. While alignment failures increasingly cause real-world harm, comprehensive evaluation frameworks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Nora Petrova , John Burden

The examination of the musculoskeletal system in dogs is a challenging task in veterinary practice. In this work, a novel method has been developed that enables efficient documentation of a dog's condition through a visual representation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Martin Thißen , Thi Ngoc Diep Tran , Ben Joel Schönbein , Ute Trapp , Barbara Esteve Ratsch , Beate Egner , Romana Piat , Elke Hergenröther
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