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Social alignment in AI systems aims to ensure that these models behave according to established societal values. However, unlike humans, who derive consensus on value judgments through social interaction, current language models (LMs) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ruibo Liu , Ruixin Yang , Chenyan Jia , Ge Zhang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai , Diyi Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at single-image understanding, they exhibit significantly degraded performance in multi-image reasoning scenarios. Multi-image reasoning presents fundamental challenges including complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jianghao Yin , Qingbin Li , Kun Sun , Cheng Ding , Jie Wang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Nan Wang , Changqing Li , Pei Wu , Jian Xu , Zheming Yang , Liang He

Large language models are trained in two stages: (1) unsupervised pretraining from raw text, to learn general-purpose representations, and (2) large scale instruction tuning and reinforcement learning, to better align to end tasks and user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chunting Zhou , Pengfei Liu , Puxin Xu , Srini Iyer , Jiao Sun , Yuning Mao , Xuezhe Ma , Avia Efrat , Ping Yu , Lili Yu , Susan Zhang , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Luke Zettlemoyer , Omer Levy

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted much attention to value alignment for their responsible development. However, how to define values in this context remains a largely unexplored question. Existing work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Yifan Gong , Xing Xie

As more machine learning agents interact with humans, it is increasingly a prospect that an agent trained to perform a task optimally, using only a measure of task performance as feedback, can violate societal norms for acceptable behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Md Sultan Al Nahian , Spencer Frazier , Brent Harrison , Mark Riedl

The increasing availability of image-text pairs has largely fueled the rapid advancement in vision-language foundation models. However, the vast scale of these datasets inevitably introduces significant variability in data quality, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Lei Zhang , Fangxun Shu , Tianyang Liu , Sucheng Ren , Hao Jiang , Cihang Xie

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on response demonstrations combined with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) constitutes a powerful paradigm for aligning LLM-based AI agents. However, a significant limitation of such an approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Zhiqing Sun , Yikang Shen , Hongxin Zhang , Qinhong Zhou , Zhenfang Chen , David Cox , Yiming Yang , Chuang Gan

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

Pretraining corpora contain extensive discourse about AI systems, yet the causal influence of this discourse on downstream alignment remains poorly understood. If prevailing descriptions of AI behaviour are predominantly negative, LLMs may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Cameron Tice , Puria Radmard , Samuel Ratnam , Andy Kim , David Africa , Kyle O'Brien

Model alignment is currently applied in a vacuum, evaluated primarily through standardised benchmark performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of alignment on populations of models through time. We focus on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jonathan Elsworth Eicher

High-quality instruction data is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs). Although some models, such as Llama-3-Instruct, have open weights, their alignment data remain private, which hinders the democratization of AI. High human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Yuntian Deng , Radha Poovendran , Yejin Choi , Bill Yuchen Lin

With the advent of AI technologies, humans and robots are increasingly teaming up to perform collaborative tasks. To enable smooth and effective collaboration, the topic of value alignment (operationalized herein as the degree of dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Shreyas Bhat , Joseph B. Lyons , Cong Shi , X. Jessie Yang

Alignment is a crucial step to enhance the instruction-following and conversational abilities of language models. Despite many recent work proposing new algorithms, datasets, and training pipelines, there is a lack of comprehensive studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Xiao Yu , Qingyang Wu , Yu Li , Zhou Yu

Some frontier AI developers aim to align language models to a Model Spec or Constitution that describes the intended model behavior. However, standard alignment fine-tuning -- training on demonstrations of spec-aligned behavior -- can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chloe Li , Nevan Wichers , Sara Price , Samuel Marks , Jon Kutasov

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to value systems has emerged as a significant area of research within the fields of AI and NLP. Currently, this alignment process relies on the availability of high-quality supervised and preference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Inkit Padhi , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Prasanna Sattigeri , Manish Nagireddy , Pierre Dognin , Kush R. Varshney

There is a consensus that instruction fine-tuning of LLMs requires high-quality data, but what are they? LIMA (NeurIPS 2023) and AlpaGasus (ICLR 2024) are state-of-the-art methods for selecting such high-quality examples, either via manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hao Zhao , Maksym Andriushchenko , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

Quantification of behavior is critical in applications ranging from neuroscience, veterinary medicine and animal conservation efforts. A common key step for behavioral analysis is first extracting relevant keypoints on animals, known as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaokai Ye , Anastasiia Filippova , Jessy Lauer , Steffen Schneider , Maxime Vidal , Tian Qiu , Alexander Mathis , Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis

Lifelong multimodal agents must continuously adapt to new tasks through post-training, but this creates a fundamental tension between acquiring capabilities and preserving safety alignment. We demonstrate that fine-tuning aligned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Idhant Gulati , Shivam Raval

As LLMs occupy an increasingly important role in society, they are more and more confronted with questions that require them not only to draw on their general knowledge but also to align with certain human value systems. Therefore, studying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Mehar Bhatia , Shravan Nayak , Gaurav Kamath , Marius Mosbach , Karolina Stańczak , Vered Shwartz , Siva Reddy

Decision-making agents based on pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed across various domains of human activity. While their applications are currently rather specialized, several research efforts are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi