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We develop a fast and scalable numerical approach to solve Wasserstein gradient flows (WGFs), particularly suitable for high-dimensional cases. Our approach is to use general reduced-order models, like deep neural networks, to parameterize…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Yijie Jin , Shu Liu , Hao Wu , Xiaojing Ye , Haomin Zhou

Generative modeling typically concerns transporting a single source distribution to a target distribution via simple probability flows. However, in fields like computer graphics and single-cell genomics, samples themselves can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Doron Haviv , Aram-Alexandre Pooladian , Dana Pe'er , Brandon Amos

This paper presents a novel method for accelerating path-planning tasks in unknown scenes with obstacles by utilizing Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) with Gradient Penalty (GP) to approximate the distribution of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jorge Ocampo Jimenez , Wael Suleiman

Wasserstein GANs with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP) are a very popular method for training generative models to produce high quality synthetic data. While WGAN-GP were initially developed to calculate the Wasserstein 1 distance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Tristan Milne , Adrian Nachman

Recently, Deng et al. (2026) proposed Generative Modeling via Drifting (GMD), a novel framework for generative tasks. This note presents an analysis of GMD through the lens of Wasserstein Gradient Flows (WGF), i.e., the path of steepest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Arthur Gretton , Li Kevin Wenliang , Alexandre Galashov , James Thornton , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet

This paper presents a novel method for accelerating path planning tasks in unknown scenes with obstacles by utilizing Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) with Gradient Penalty (GP) to approximate the distribution of the free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Jorge Ocampo Jimenez , Wael Suleiman

Diffusion models and flow-based methods have shown impressive generative capability, especially for images, but their sampling is expensive because it requires many iterative updates. We introduce W-Flow, a framework for training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaqi Han , Puheng Li , Qiushan Guo , Renyuan Xu , Stefano Ermon , Emmanuel J. Candès

Wasserstein gradient flow (WGF) is a common method to perform optimization over the space of probability measures. While WGF is guaranteed to converge to a first-order stationary point, for nonconvex functionals the converged solution does…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Naoya Yamamoto , Juno Kim , Taiji Suzuki

Wasserstein Gradient Flow (WGF) describes the gradient dynamics of probability density within the Wasserstein space. WGF provides a promising approach for conducting optimization over the probability distributions. Numerically approximating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jaemoo Choi , Jaewoong Choi , Myungjoo Kang

Flow matching has recently emerged as a flexible and efficient framework for generative modelling by learning deterministic transport dynamics between probability measures. In this work, we extend flow matching to the space of probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Moritz Piening , Richard Duong , Gabriele Steidl

Motivated by approximation Bayesian computation using mean-field variational approximation and the computation of equilibrium in multi-species systems with cross-interaction, this paper investigates the composite geodesically convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Rentian Yao , Xiaohui Chen , Yun Yang

We formulate well-posed continuous-time generative flows for learning distributions that are supported on low-dimensional manifolds through Wasserstein proximal regularizations of $f$-divergences. Wasserstein-1 proximal operators regularize…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-17 Hyemin Gu , Markos A. Katsoulakis , Luc Rey-Bellet , Benjamin J. Zhang

Variational inference, such as the mean-field (MF) approximation, requires certain conjugacy structures for efficient computation. These can impose unnecessary restrictions on the viable prior distribution family and further constraints on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Rentian Yao , Yun Yang

Particle-based Bayesian inference methods by sampling from a partition-free target (posterior) distribution, e.g., Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD), have attracted significant attention. We propose a path-guided particle-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Mingzhou Fan , Ruida Zhou , Chao Tian , Xiaoning Qian

Wasserstein Gradient Flows (WGF) with respect to specific functionals have been widely used in the machine learning literature. Recently, neural networks have been adopted to approximate certain intractable parts of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Huminhao Zhu , Fangyikang Wang , Chao Zhang , Hanbin Zhao , Hui Qian

This article details a novel numerical scheme to approximate gradient flows for optimal transport (i.e. Wasserstein) metrics. These flows have proved useful to tackle theoretically and numerically non-linear diffusion equations that model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-10 Gabriel Peyré

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are one of the most practical methods for learning data distributions. A popular GAN formulation is based on the use of Wasserstein distance as a metric between probability distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Maziar Sanjabi , Jimmy Ba , Meisam Razaviyayn , Jason D. Lee

Wasserstein gradient flows are continuous time dynamics that define curves of steepest descent to minimize an objective function over the space of probability measures (i.e., the Wasserstein space). This objective is typically a divergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Adil Salim , Anna Korba , Giulia Luise

Variational inference is a technique that approximates a target distribution by optimizing within the parameter space of variational families. On the other hand, Wasserstein gradient flows describe optimization within the space of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 Mingxuan Yi , Song Liu

This paper considers the problem of regression over distributions, which is becoming increasingly important in machine learning. Existing approaches often ignore the geometry of the probability space or are computationally expensive. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Maksim Maslov , Alexander Kugaevskikh , Matthew Ivanov
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