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We present a novel multiscale framework for analyzing sequences of probability measures in Wasserstein spaces over Euclidean domains. Exploiting the intrinsic geometry of optimal transport, we construct a multiscale transform applicable to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Wael Mattar , Nir Sharon

This paper contains two contributions in the study of optimal transport on metric graphs. Firstly, we prove a Benamou-Brenier formula for the Wasserstein distance, which establishes the equivalence of static and dynamical optimal transport.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-02 Matthias Erbar , Dominik Forkert , Jan Maas , Delio Mugnolo

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful generative modeling approach with flexible choices of source distribution. While Gaussian distributions are commonly used, the potential for better alternatives in high-dimensional data generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junho Lee , Kwanseok Kim , Joonseok Lee

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can produce high-quality samples, but do not provide an estimate of the probability density around the samples. However, it has been noted that maximizing the log-likelihood within an energy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Omri Ben-Dov , Pravir Singh Gupta , Victoria Abrevaya , Michael J. Black , Partha Ghosh

In this paper, we study a physics-informed algorithm for Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) for uncertainty quantification in solutions of partial differential equations. By using groupsort activation functions in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Yihang Gao , Michael K. Ng

We introduce adaptive, tuning-free step size schedules for gradient-based sampling algorithms obtained as time-discretizations of Wasserstein gradient flows. The result is a suite of tuning-free sampling algorithms, including tuning-free…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Louis Sharrock , Christopher Nemeth

The study of quantum generative models is well-motivated, not only because of its importance in quantum machine learning and quantum chemistry but also because of the perspective of its implementation on near-term quantum machines. Inspired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Yiming Huang , Tongyang Li , Soheil Feizi , Xiaodi Wu

We address the problem of efficiently computing Wasserstein distances for multiple pairs of distributions drawn from a meta-distribution. To this end, we propose a fast estimation method based on regressing Wasserstein distance on sliced…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Nhat Ho

We propose a novel modular inference approach combining two different generative models -- generative adversarial networks (GAN) and normalizing flows -- to approximate the posterior distribution of physics-based Bayesian inverse problems…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnimitra Dasgupta , Dhruv V Patel , Deep Ray , Erik A Johnson , Assad A Oberai

Optimal transport is a notoriously difficult problem to solve numerically, with current approaches often remaining intractable for very large scale applications such as those encountered in machine learning. Wasserstein barycenters -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Julien Lacombe , Julie Digne , Nicolas Courty , Nicolas Bonneel

Accurate emulation of multi-scale physical systems governed by PDEs demands models that remain stable over long autoregressive rollouts while preserving fine-scale structures. Deterministic emulators produce overly-smoothed predictions,…

The Wasserstein barycenter extends the Euclidean mean to the space of probability measures by minimizing the weighted sum of squared 2-Wasserstein distances. We develop a free-support algorithm for computing Wasserstein barycenters that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-17 Kisung You

We propose a new formulation and learning strategy for computing the Wasserstein geodesic between two probability distributions in high dimensions. By applying the method of Lagrange multipliers to the dynamic formulation of the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Shu Liu , Shaojun Ma , Yongxin Chen , Hongyuan Zha , Haomin Zhou

Optimal transport provides an inherently geometric and highly structured framework for studying spaces of probability measures, supplying a rich theoretical toolkit for contemporary statistics, machine learning, and generative modelling. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Riccardo Passeggeri , Rohan M. Shenoy , Pengcheng Ye

We study training-free flow matching between two Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) using explicit velocity fields that transport one mixture into the other over time. Our baseline approach constructs component-wise Gaussian paths with affine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Elham Rostami , Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati , Hamidou Tembine

We present a novel approach to approximate Gaussian and mixture-of-Gaussians filtering. Our method relies on a variational approximation via a gradient-flow representation. The gradient flow is derived from a Kullback--Leibler discrepancy…

Computation · Statistics 2023-06-21 Adrien Corenflos , Hany Abdulsamad

We develop a unified theoretical framework for data-free one-step sampling from unnormalized target distributions based on Wasserstein gradient flows. For a broad class of standard f-divergence objectives, we show that the induced velocity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenguang Wang , Tianshu Yu

Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) is a kernel-based and non-parametric particle method for sampling from a target distribution, such as in Bayesian inference and other machine learning tasks. Different from other particle methods,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Viktor Stein , Wuchen Li

We study the Wasserstein gradient flow of semi-discrete energies in the space of probability measures, that is functionals depending on two measures-one being an absolutely continuous density and the other an atomic measure. These energies…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Joao Miguel Machado

We consider sampling from a Gibbs distribution by evolving a finite number of particles using a particular score estimator rather than Brownian motion. To accelerate the particles, we consider a second-order score-based ODE, similar to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-19 Hong Ye Tan , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li
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